大尺寸多几何体统计最优近场声全息及声隐身性能评估

Submarines are important weapons for defending national security and marine interests, whose operational performance and survivability depend on their acoustic stealth performance. Aiming at urgent demands of acoustic stealth performance evaluation for submarines of new service or after maintenance, this project studies on new theories and methods of nearfield acoustic holography and acoustic stealth performance evaluation for structures with jumbo size and multiple geometry: based on nearfield partial measurement, a new statistically optimized patch nearfield acoustic holography method for structures with jumbo size and multiple geometry is proposed, which can amplify the measurement diameter and accurately reconstruct the acoustic radiation field; a new operational transfer path analysis method based on crosstalk cancellation by post nonlinear blind source separation and environmental noise cancellation by Tikhonov normalization is proposed, which can accurately reveal the mechanism of multiple noise sources' excitation and acoustic radiation of shell structures, and modify the acoustic radiation field in different operational conditions; an acoustic stealth performance comprehensive evaluation method based on multi-feature parameters adaptively weighted average fusion is proposed, which can accurately evaluate the acoustic stealth performance of submarines, and also construct the identification interfaces that reveal dangerous, warning, and safe states in the acoustic radiation space; all the proposed theories and methods are validated by numerical case studies, experimental studies in the dead room, and experimental studies in the seawater environment. Finally, this research can provide fundamental theories and key techniques for acoustic stealth performance evaluation of submarines, and thus scientifically guide underwater attack and safe evacuation in the battle.

潜艇是维护国家安全与海洋权益的国防利器，其声隐身性能决定了作战性能与生存能力。本项目从新型预服役与维修后再服役潜艇声隐身性能精确评估的迫切工程需求出发，研究大尺寸多几何体近场声全息及声隐身性能评估的新理论与新方法：基于近场局部测试，提出大尺寸多几何体统计最优近场声全息方法，增大近场局部测试孔径并实现辐射声场高精度重构；提出后非线性盲源分离串扰消除与吉洪诺夫正则化环境噪声去除的运行工况传递路径分析方法，精确揭示多噪声源激励与壳体结构噪声辐射的映射机制，实现不同工况下辐射声场修正；提出多特征参数自适应加权平均融合的声隐身性能综合评估方法，实现潜艇声隐身性能的精确评估，并构建噪声辐射空间的危险、警示与安全辨识界面；通过数值仿真、消声室实验、海水环境水声试验验证理论与方法的合理性与有效性。研究可为潜艇声隐身性能评估提供基础理论与关键技术，从而科学指导潜艇潜航作战与安全撤离。

壳体结构装备是维护国家安全与海洋权益的国防利器，其声隐身性能决定作战性能与生存能力。本项目从壳体结构装备声隐身性能精确评估的迫切工程需求出发，研究大尺寸多几何体近场声全息及声隐身性能评估的新理论与新方法。首先，在大尺寸多几何体辐射声场重构方面，提出基于平面测试和统计最优近场声全息的圆柱形和圆锥形辐射声场重构方法，提高测试效率和重构精度；提出柱面声场分辨率增强方法，提高少测点下重构分辨率；提出非圆柱回转面声场重构方法，降低不规则形状声场重构误差。其次，在壳体结构噪声辐射机制分析方面，提出非线性盲源分离方法，提高噪声源估计精度；针对运行工况传递路径分析中传递率估计精度低、串扰效应和路径遗漏三大问题，提出多种改进方法，提高分析的稳定性、精确性和完备性；分别提出低频和中高频段声辐射预报方法，提高锥柱组合壳体全频段预报精度。再次，在声隐身性能综合评估方面，提出源数目自适应估计的高抗噪性欠定盲源分离方法，改善缺少源信息时识别效果；提出运动源在线估计方法，解决运动噪声源识别难题；提出基于共轭梯度峭度极大化的复值盲源分离方法，提高分离滤波器的估计精度；提出多种改进的复值混合矩阵估计、复值源信号重构和排序校准方法，实现欠定卷积混合噪声源高精度分离。最后，在壳体振动噪声分析实验台上开展相关实验，验证所提方法的有效性和准确性。本项目研究可为新型预服役与维修后再服役装备声隐身性能评估提供基础理论与关键技术，对于科学指导壳体结构装备作战与安全撤离，具有重要理论意义与军事实用价值。