可控惯性发电系统的动态频率特性及协同控制研究

The frequency characteristic of the traditional power system will be changed, if the power electronic converter based wind turbines and energy storing devices have the controllable inertias. Thus, the conventional frequency regulation will not be suitable for the network and need to improve, due to the inertia control ability. The differences between the virtual inertia of the static energy storing device and the mechanical inertia of the generator based the rotational energy are analyzed firstly. Then, in the power system with the ability to regulate inertia, the control mechanisms of the virtual inertia and the primary frequency regulation, and the dynamic frequency characteristics are further researched respectively. Following that, the impacts of the controllable inertias of wind turbines and energy storing devices on the system stability margin and the damping characteristic are estimated, and thus the inertia frequency control strategy cooperated with wind turbines, energy storing devices and traditional generators is proposed. Finally, this project will implement simulation and prototype platforms of a two area interconnected network containing variable speed wind turbines, energy storing devices and conventional synchronous generators, to verify the presented control strategy.

基于电力电子变流器并网的风电、储能具备可控的惯量之后会改变传统电网的频率特性，惯性控制将成为电力系统的又一动态调节能力，而传统的调频措施将不再适用而亟待改进。本课题首先分析静止储能元件的虚拟惯性与源于旋转动能的发电机组的机械惯性的区别，研究含风电、储能的可控惯性发电系统的虚拟惯性与一次调频控制机理及动态频率特性。其次，分析风电、储能具备的多机可控惯量对系统的稳定裕度和阻尼特性的影响，进而研究风电、储能与常规发电机组的惯性频率协同控制策略。最后，本课题将搭建变速风力发电机组和储能装置以及常规同步发电机组构成的两区域多机电网的动模实验系统，对所提出的控制策略进行分析与验证。

基于电力电子变流器并网的风电、储能具备可控的惯量之后传统电网的频率特性会随之改变，惯性控制将成为电力系统的又一动态调节能力，而传统的调频措施将不再适用而亟待改进。本课题首先分析了静止储能元件的虚拟惯性与源于旋转动能的发电机组的机械惯性的区别，并给出了静止储能元件虚拟惯量的定义，设计了适于储能元件的惯量控制方法。其次，研究了含风电的可控惯性发电系统的虚拟惯性与一次调频控制机理及动态频率特性。根据变速风电机组调频所需的备用容量，提出了风电机组的减载控制方案，并解决了惯性与一次调频控制的结合问题。利用变桨技术，进一步提出了可整定风电机组静调差系数的频率控制策略，与虚拟惯性控制有机结合，实现了风电机组对系统频率的综合控制。第三，分析了多机可控惯量对系统的功角稳定和阻尼特性的影响机理。通过推导两区域系统动态模型，分析了虚拟惯量对系统暂态能量转化的影响，提出了在功角首摆及多摆期间，利用惯量控制抑制系统振荡的控制策略。最后，本课题搭建了变速风力发电机组和储能装置以及常规同步发电机组构成的两区域多机电网的仿真及动模实验系统，对所提出的控制策略进行了分析与验证。