Chrysanthemum is one of the ten traditional flowers in China and the four leading cut-flowers in the world, having great ornamental and commercial values. The important horticultural trait, branching habit, determines the cultivation pattern, production cost and ornamental merit of cut-chrysanthemum. So far,considerable attentions have been paid to the physiological mechanism and gene regulations of branching habit of chrysanthemum, but little information is known with respect to its inheritance pattern. In this study, we intended to investigate the variation of branching traits of 200 cultivars of cut-chysanthemum preserved at China Chrysanthemum Germplasm Preserving Center of Nanjing Agricultural University, and set up the evaluation system of branching traits using analytic hierarchy process. Combining ability analysis and the mixed inheritance model of major gene plus polygene were applied to analyze the inheritance pattern of branching traits of chrysanthemum with diallel crosses between cut-chrysantheum cultivars with different branching habits. Genetic mapping as well as quantitative trait loci analysis was implemented to detect the major QTLs controlling the branching traits of cut-chrysanthemum; and QTL conjoint analysis based on the 3-year phenotypic data was performed with QTLNetwork employing the linear mixed model-based composite interval mapping are further used to determine the effects of epistatic interaction between QTLs or between QTLs and environments (years). This study will uncover the quantitative inheritance pattern of branching traits of cut-chrysanthemum and lay an important foundation for exploring the genes controlling branching traits of cut-chrysanthemum. Thus, the results of this study will be of great theoretical and practical importance for breeding new cut-chrysanthemum cultivars with desirable branching traits through both hybrid breeding and molecular design breeding.
菊花是我国十大传统名花和世界四大切花之一,观赏和经济价值极高。分枝是切花菊最重要的园艺性状之一,决定其栽培方式、生产成本与观赏品质。目前,菊花分枝的生理机理与基因工程调控已有比较深入研究,但其遗传特性至今仍不明确。本项目拟调查200份切花菊代表性品种资源的分枝性状,采用层次分析法建立切花菊分枝性状评价体系;利用分枝差异种质进行双列杂交设计,通过配合力分析和主基因+多基因混合遗传模型剖析切花菊分枝性状的遗传特性;通过连锁作图和QTL定位,挖掘控制切花菊分枝性状的主效QTL,并利用连续3年分枝表型数据和基于混合线性遗传模型的QTL联合分析,深度解析控制切花菊分枝性状的QTL间以及QTL与环境间的上位性互作效应。项目将从数量遗传学角度揭示切花菊分枝性状的遗传特性,为控制切花菊分枝性状相关基因发掘奠定基础,对利用杂交育种和分子设计育种培育具有理想分枝性状的切花菊新品种具有重要理论和实践意义。
菊花是我国传统名花和世界四大切花之一,观赏性和经济价值高。分枝性状是决定切花菊栽培方式、生产成本和观赏品质的重要性状之一。然而,菊花分枝性状的遗传机制尚不明确。因此,本项目在202份切花菊品种资源分枝性状收集评价的基础上,主要通过杂交群体研究了切花菊分枝性状配合力效应、杂种优势和主基因效应,并通过连锁作图解析了其加性和上位性QTL效应。配合力分析结果发现,总侧芽数主要受非加性效应控制,一、二级分枝角度主要受加性效应控制,中上部一级分枝数、二级分枝总数和一、二级分枝长度由加性和非加性效应共同控制;切花菊分枝性状的广义遗传力为73.81% ~ 94.41%,狭义遗传力大于 60%(总侧芽数1.88%除外);根据一般配合力和特殊配合力效应筛选出紧凑性和疏散型分枝育种的优良亲本和杂交组合。混合遗传分析表明,切花小菊‘南农雪峰’בMonalisa’F1代的总侧芽数和一、二级分枝角度无主基因控制,中上部一级分枝数和二级分枝总数由两对加-显主基因控制,一级分枝长度由一对表现为加性、部分显性或超显性的主基因控制,二级分枝长度由两对表现为加-显-上的主基因控制;中上部一级分枝数、二级分枝总数和一、二级分枝长度的主基因遗传力分别为0.74、0.46、0.72和0.50。在不同杂交组合(遗传背景)中切花菊分枝性状的主基因效应差异较大,但都存在不同程度的杂种优势和超亲分离个体。利用SSR、SRAP等分子标记构建了切花小菊‘南农雪峰’בMonalisa’和‘QX-145’ב南农银山’两个F1作图群体的遗传图(平均间距为9.9~13.4 cM),QTL分析检测到104个分枝性状QTL(LOD >2.5),单个QTL贡献率为5.4~24.4%,其中15个主效QTL在多个环境(年限、定植密度)表现稳定;在两种定植密度下共定位到8个上位性QTL,单个QTL的加加互作效应为-1.49~6.49,贡献率为4.4~11.3%;除了位于连锁群M2-M37上位性QTL的环境互作效应贡献率大于5%,其余环境互作效应均较小(< 1%)。该研究结果揭示了切花菊分枝性状的复杂数量遗传机制,为后期相关相关基因挖掘和育种研究奠定重要基础。共发表SCI论文4篇、核心期刊论文2篇,获国家发明专利1项,培养研究生8名;相关成果获教育部技术发明奖二等奖(2017)和华耐园艺科技奖(2014)。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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