可降解型絮凝剂设计合成及其生成油泥自消解规律研究

In this project, we adopt poly(β-amino esters) as the precursors to prepare easy degradable water clarifiers, aiming to meet the urgent needs of sludge reduction. Firstly, by molecular design, poly(β-amino esters) with good solubility, quick degradation rate, controllable molecular mass and various structure will be synthesized. Then, the main composition of degradable water clarifiers will be obtained through the introduction of D-(+)-glucono-1,5-lactone, which will react with borax to realize water clarification by static and sweep flocculation. Based on overall property-evaluation and deep research on the flocculation mechanism, content and types of functional chain and groups will be adjust in order to get optional properties such as clarifying efficiency, flocculation performance and degradation rate. Finally, source control of sludge will be achieved at the same time of that polymer-containing waste water get well-processed. On the completion of this project, a new kind of degradable clarifier will be developed, which will pave the way for oily sludge reduction.

本项目针对油田污油泥特别是粘弹油泥减量化的技术需求，开展采用以水溶性可降解聚合物为前驱体制备可降解型絮凝剂的研究工作。首先通过分子设计制备具有良好溶解型、较高降解速度、不同分子量和分子结构的聚（β-氨基酯）；然后用计量的葡萄糖醛进一步修饰聚（β-氨基酯）得到可降解型絮凝剂主剂，处理污水时配合含硼化合物使用，实现对水中油滴的网捕絮凝。在深入研究其宏观絮凝性能、微观絮凝机理的基础上，调节分子中各功能链段或官能团的比例，从而调控可降解型絮凝剂“清水速度、絮凝性能、降解速率”等性质参数，最终实现在油田污水得到高效处理的同时，其生成的絮体能够自消解（释放出吸附包裹的原油和游离水），进而达到油泥源头减量的目的。本项目的顺利进行将发展一类新型可降解絮凝剂，对推动我国油泥源头减量化技术发展具有重要意义，并且为絮凝剂向新的方向发展提供借鉴。

针对油田聚合物驱采出液处理难，使用传统阳离子清水剂会产生粘弹性油泥的问题，研发了可降解型清水剂。首先通过分子设计，制备了含有活性官能团的聚N-(2-二甲氨基乙基)丙烯酰胺，然后以其为前驱体，与可降解扩链剂反应，制备得到大分子可降解清水剂。瓶试结果表明水解性可降解絮凝剂水溶性和清水效果好于热解性絮凝剂，与聚丙烯酰胺通过静电中和作用析出的阴阳离子复合物在pH7.8的采出污水中5h可以完全水解掉而无残渣。动态评价及絮体原位观测表明水解性可降解絮凝剂用量在400mg/L时可以达到快速清水的目标，水中油含量去除率达90%，降解过程中絮体的分形维数从1.5增加至2.2，形状区域不规则、不规整，絮体从密实状态到虚化、破碎。实验结果证实了可降解絮凝剂可以实现高效处理油田污水的同时，其生成的絮体能够自消解的设计思想，实现了油泥源头减量的目的。