面向电网监测的无线传感器网络性能优化机制研究

In a power grid system, it is crucial to quickly detect faults and anomalies so as to protect the operation and improve the efficiency of power transmission and distribution. To achieve this goal, a promising solution is to deploy wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to monitor the real-time performance of power grids. Nevertheless, there are many practical challenges in the designs of WSN, such as the limited choices of routing paths, imbalanced network traffic, limited life-time of WSN, and the complexity of maintenance, etc. To address these challenges, we propose to investigate and optimize the performance of WSNs based on regional compressed sensing (RCS) and low-duty-cycle (LDC) mechanism. Specifically, the main topics include: (1) in a practical power-grid scenario, aiming at improving the data collection rate and network life-time, how to realize RCS so that we can reconstruct original data with the minimal amount of data transmitted in the WSN; (2) for practical power-grid scenarios, how to improve the accuracy of clock synchronization amongst nodes in WSN, which is very important to the LDC mechanism; and (3) based on the RCS and LDC techniques, how to optimize the settings of WSN for real-time power-grid monitoring. With these research topics, this project will improve the understanding and design of power-grid monitoring WSNs, with effective and reliable data acquisition, and will also facilitate the design and deployment of future smart grid system.

采用无线传感器网络对电网输电线路的实时状态进行监测，可以及时发现故障隐患，保障电网的运行安全，提高输电可靠性。然而，电网监测的WSN中存在很多问题，如网络路由路径单一、负载不均衡、生命周期短和可维护性差等。因此，本项目拟采用局部压缩感知和Low-Duty-Cycle机制对其网络性能进行优化，重点研究：（1）在电网监测环境下，二维网络中实现局部压缩感知数据的有效恢复，使得节点只需传输较少的数据量即可完成数据重构，有效地提高网络的数据采集率，延长网络生存时间；（2）如何实现Low-Duty-Cycle机制的精确时钟同步，以适应面向电网监测环境的需求；（3）实现电网监测环境下无线传感器网络的最优化配置，从而达到对其网络性能进行优化的目的。本项目的研究成果将为电网监测WSN提供有QoS保证的数据采集及数据传输，并为WSN在智能电网中的成功应用起到有效推动作用。

采用无线传感器网络对电网的输电线路进行实时的状态数据采集和监测，为电网的管理人员提供更全面、完整的电网运行数据，及时发现故障隐患，保障电网的运行安全，提高输电可靠性。面向电网监测的无线传感器网络具有节点局部密集、感知数据稀疏和网络维护困难的特点，对其网络的性能造成较大的影响。本项目将运用局部压缩感知和Low-Duty-Cycle机制对其网络性能进行优化，主要研究内容包括：（1）研究在电网监测环境下，二维或三维网络中实现局部压缩感知数据的有效恢复，使得节点只需传输较少的数据量即可完成数据重构，有效提高网络的数据采集率，延长网络生存时间；（2）研究如何实现Low-Duty-Cycle机制的精确时钟同步，以适应面向电网监测环境的需求；（3）研究电网监测环境下无线传感器网络的最优化配置，从而达到对其网络性能进行优化的目的。通过以上研究工作，取得了较好的研究成果，这些成果的应用对提高电网监测无线传感器网络的相关性能，推动WSN在电力系统，包括智能电网的大规模应用。