绿色蒸馏过程基础理论研究

Distillation process, as a key common technology of wide range in the chemical process industry, is the unalternative thermal separation process of huge energy consumption, and occupies an important position in the chemical industry. To carry out energy-saving and intensification of distillation process to solve the bottlenecks faced by the energy and the environment of our country chemical process to achieve sustainable development of great significance. In this project, the theoretical study of green distillation process of low energy consumption and environmental protection is executed to reveal the strengthening mechanism of the non-metal porous medium mass transfer component as a metal substitute material substantial increasing the efficiency of heat and mass transfer in the distillation process. Pressure-swing thermal-coupled technology of distillation process is developed based on the process intensified by the new material of non-metallic porous mass transfer process to significantly reduce the energy consumption of the distillation process. The new theory and method of low temperature heat recovery power generation of distillation process is established to further improve the energy efficiency of the distillation process. On this basis, including equipment manufacturers and the operation of device, the assessment system of the whole life cycle in distillation process is established to analysis and evaluated the performances in economic and environment. The basic theory and method about energy-saving and environmental protection in green distillation process is founded to provide the basic of assessment of economic and environmental and industry application of green distillation process.

蒸馏作为化工流程工业中量大、面广的关键共性技术，是能耗巨大且目前不可替代的主要热分离过程，在化学工业中占有重要地位。开展对蒸馏过程节能与强化研究，对解决我国化工过程能源与环境所面临的瓶颈问题、实现可持续发展具有重要意义。本项目开展低能耗、环保型绿色蒸馏基础理论研究，揭示作为金属替代材料的非金属多孔介质传质元件对蒸馏过程的强化机理，大幅度提高蒸馏过程传质传热效率；开发基于非金属多孔新材料传质过程强化的差压热耦合节能蒸馏过程，显著降低蒸馏过程的能耗；构建蒸馏过程低温热回收发电新理论和新方法，进一步提高蒸馏过程的能量利用效率。在此基础上建立蒸馏过程包括设备制造、装置运行的全生命周期评价体系，对采用新材料、新工艺以及新过程的绿色蒸馏过程进行经济环境的分析与评价。本项目的研究将建立节能环保型绿色蒸馏过程的基本理论和方法，对绿色蒸馏过程的经济环境评价和工业应用奠定基础。

在国家自然科学基金重点项目“绿色蒸馏过程基础理论研究”执行的五年期间，项目组针对项目书计划中的任务与目标很好的完成了预定的各项工作。解决了多孔介质传质元件在宏观尺度下的流体力学与传质性能规律以及微观尺度下的流体流动与传质机理、多种内部热耦合蒸馏过程能耗与操作参数、体系物理性质属性以及过程设计参数之间的定量函数关系等关键科学问题；成功开发了多孔介质传质元件、基于低温热发电的蒸馏新工艺等关键技术，并实现了部分关键技术的工业应用示范；建立了能同时表达能源利用效率和环境影响程度的节能、环保、经济型绿色蒸馏分离理论，为后续顺利完成项目整体目标奠定了基础。相关研究成果广泛用于石油、煤、医药等化工分离过程。形成了基于泡沫材料的一些列气液传质元件设备产品以及基于该设备的绿色节能精馏成套技术。成果应用于8家企业的精馏分离装置中，其中6家企业装置已完成一次开车成功并稳定运行。项目研究的相关成果已发表学术论文52篇，其中SCI检索论文37篇。申请国家发明专利18项，获得授权发明专利10项。在项目执行过程中，我们也遇到了诸如多孔介质结构的模拟、余热发电工质的选择以及全生命周期评估中采集数据等难题，但经过项目组科技人员的努力均找到了相应的解决办法，攻克了一项项难题，为我国的绿色蒸馏分离技术的推广应用奠定了理论基础。