基于步行可达性模型与空间连续性模型的山地城市步行空间形态定量化评价方法研究

A mountainous city creates an urban form and living environment that are different from those of a city on the plain terrain due to the particular geographical environment, the scarcity of ecological resources and land resources. This study proposes three-dimensional models for measuring pedestrian accessibility and the space connectivity as evaluation methods to study on the pedestrian spatial form in a mountainous city. The objectives are firstly to create two methods to analyze the accessibility and connectivity based on the properties of the mountainous pedestrian road network after clarifying the definition of pedestrian accessibility and space connectivity, as well as exploring existing theories; secondly, to demonstrate their availability by means of mathematical justifications and applications on basic traffic models; thirdly, to identify characteristics of space connectivity and pedestrian accessibility in a mountainous urban area, moreover, to figure out the differences of pedestrian accessibility and space connectivity between flat urban area and mountainous urban area using visualized analysis by GIS; and lastly, establish an evaluation system of designing pedestrian spatial form in a mountainous city. This research provides theoretical basis and technological support for urban planner and designer when designing architectures, planning urban areas, and reconstructing historical urban districts in a mountainous city. Moreover, it is a significant step toward simultaneously utilizing the spatial advantages of the mountainous area to the greatest extent, making rational use of land resources, and preserving and improving the regional characteristics of mountainous cities.

自然条件复杂、自然生态资源和土地资源制约较大的山地城市，城市空间形态因地形高差与平原城市空间形态有很大区别。针对山地城市步行空间形态定量化衡量缺乏的问题，本课题创造性地提出三维空间步行可达性数学模型与空间连续性物理模型作为衡量指标对山地城市步行空间形态进行研究。首先，在明确步行可达性和空间连续性定义的基础上，提出考虑山地地形特征和步行者行为模式的步行可达性和空间连续性的衡量标准和计算方法；其次，通过数学方法和道路网络模型对步行可达性模型与空间连续性模型的合理性与可行性进行论证。其三，运用GIS对山地城市步行空间进行可视化分析，得出其自身特性及其与平原城市步行空间形态的差异特性。最后，提出山地城市步行空间设计的量化评价方法。山地城市空间形态的量化研究，对山地建筑设计、山地城市设计与更新有重要意义，为最大限度发挥山地城市的空间优势、合理利用城市土地资源、延续和保持城市地域特色提供设计思路。

针对山地城市步行空间形态量化衡量困难的问题，本项目创造性地提出三维空间步行可达性模型与空间连续性模型作为衡量指标和计算方法对山地城市步行空间形态进行研究。主要研究内容有：①建立山地城市步行可达性与空间连续性的概念，并明确其特性。对二者在研究空间形态时的适用性、局限性等进行总结归纳。②建立山地城市步行可达性的衡量标准和计算方法。考虑山地地形特征和步行者行为模式，建立数学模型并赋与修正指标。③分析山地城市有机生长的独特性，结合生物细胞机理论，提出空间连续性的物理模型。④通过数学方法和道路网络模型对山地城市步行可达性模型与空间连续性模型的合理性与可行性进行论证。⑤运用GIS对山地城市步行空间进行应用研究，得出其自身特性及其与平原城市步行空间形态的差异特性。⑥提出山地城市步行空间设计的优化评价体系。本项目的重要结论有：①明确界定了山地城市步行可达性和空间连续性的概念和特性。②提出基于山地城市空间特性和人群行为模式的山地城市步行可达性分析的数学模型。③构建基于山地城市空间特性的空间连续性分析的物理方法。④形成山地城市步行空间设计的量化评价体系。