生物质成型燃料燃烧颗粒物形成机理研究

Particulate matter (PM) emissions, which are derived from coal-fired boilers, contribute significantly to haze formation, which has great influence on human health and ecological environment. Biomass pellets is a promising solution for substitution of coal as a fuel for boilers. Thus Chinese government has paid more and more attention on substitution of small-scale coal-fired boilers with clean and renewable energy resources, biomass pellets, which showed great advantage of higher energy intensity, more flexibility and easier transportation, compared with tranditional biomass raw material. However, the PM formation mechanism when burning biomass pellets has not been recently described carefully and integratedly. And with the large applications of biomass pellets, the problem of the PM pollution from there burning is of urgent to be discussion. Firstly，the research goes from PM emissions derived from biomass pellets which influenced by fuel characters and combustion conditions. The distribution characteristics of PM coming from combustion of biomass pellets with different density, hardness and components, which are made under different condition of pressure, are investigated under different combustion conditions. And in doing that, the forecast model for PM emission and distribution has been proposed. Then, the reaction path, structural evolution and transport transformation regulations among components come from combustion are highlighted and investigated to illuminate the forming and precipitating mechanism of biomass pellet PM. And the influence of PM emissions among the interactions of volatile, solid residues and inorganic minerals is implemented. Based on this, the nucleation and formation of PM is uncovered comprehensively. Finally, the correlation of combustion condition and additives effect to migration behavior and structure evolution regulation is studied to find out optimal pathway to the inhibition of biomass pellets fuel particle emissions. It supplies the guidance of mitigation of PM emissions from biomass pellet combustion. Meanwhile, it is significant for promoting of large-scale clean efficient utilization of biomass pellets, and for improvement of atomosphere quality.

燃煤锅炉排放的颗粒物是造成雾霾的重要因素，生物质成型燃料作为一种可替代煤的清洁锅炉燃料具有很好的应用前景。但目前对生物质成型燃料燃烧过程中颗粒物的形成机理和排放特性尚未完全掌握，因此亟需进行系统深入的研究。本项目紧密围绕生物质成型燃料的理化特性，系统研究不同燃烧条件下颗粒物的排放分布特性，建立颗粒物排放预报模型，进一步从挥发分断键重组、固体残留物输运转化和无机矿物质气化凝并等微观层面深入研究颗粒物形成的途径和机理，揭示生物质不同组分之间存在的交互作用及其对颗粒物形成的影响，从而全面掌握生物质成型燃料燃烧过程中颗粒物的形成机理，并最终建立基于生物质成型燃料特性，通过燃烧过程优化和辅助添加剂的颗粒物排放控制方法，为生物质成型燃料的规模化应用和改善大气环境质量提供重要的理论基础。

生物质成型燃料作为一种可替代煤的清洁固体燃料具有很好的应用前景，但其在燃烧过程也会排放一定量的粉尘颗粒物加剧雾霾等环境污染问题。目前对生物质成型燃料燃烧过程中颗粒物的形成机理和排放特性尚未完全掌握，因此亟需进行系统深入的研究。鉴于此，项目紧密围绕生物质成型燃料粉尘颗粒物的生成机理，系统的研究了成型条件、原料种类和预处理方式对成型燃料物化特性的影响，从固体残留物输运转化和无机矿物质气化凝并等微观层面深入研究粉尘颗粒物形成的途径，揭示生物质不同组分之间存在的交互作用及其对颗粒物形成的影响，从而全面掌握生物质成型燃料燃烧过程中颗粒物的形成机理，最终基于生物质成型燃料特性，通过燃烧过程优化和辅助添加剂的控制方法实现了粉尘颗粒物的减排。项目研究成果可为生物质成型燃料粉尘颗粒物生成机理的揭示和减排技术的开发提供必要的科学依据，具有重要的研究意义和应用价值。