用户参与型锂离子电池组智能充电控制方法研究

Lithium-ion battery packs, as important energy storage carriers, are widely used in numerous applications due to their advantages of high energy density and long cycle life. Charging is a crucial procedure for lithium-ion battery packs to replenish energy. However, the charging pattern cannot be intelligently adjusted according to the users’ actual needs and the cell imbalance problem in the lithium-battery pack is not considered in the existing charging control strategies. To remedy such deficiencies, this project intends to reserve a user interface in the charging control strategy, allowing the users to participate and set their charging demand, thereby effectively improving the intelligence of the charging process. Meanwhile, the charging strategy also takes into account the consistency and health optimization of the lithium-ion battery pack to increase its usable capacity and lifetime. The research includes the following contents. We will study the electrochemical mechanism of the lithium-ion battery, and then develop a model of the battery pack that can describe the battery pack’s health mechanism with reasonable computational complexity. Based on this model, a user-involved intelligent charging control strategy is proposed to coordinate and optimize the multiple objectives of user demand, healthy and cell equalization of the lithium-ion battery pack. Hierarchical framework is utilized to optimize the charging control algorithm to reduce its computational complexity and make it more feasible to implement in real-time. In addition, we will construct a charging experiment platform to validate the proposed user-involved charging control method, thus establishing the theoretical and technological foundation for the improvement of the charging performance of lithium-ion battery packs.

锂离子电池组作为重要的储能载体，因其能量密度高、循环寿命长等优点被广泛应用于众多领域。充电是锂离子电池组储存能量的重要过程，然而目前充电控制策略大多充电模式单一，无法根据用户实际需求智能调节且缺乏对锂离子电池组一致性均衡的考虑。为弥补这些缺陷，本项目拟在充电控制策略中预留用户接口，允许用户参与并设置充电需求，有效提高充电智能性；同时加入锂离子电池组一致性和健康性优化，以达到电池组整体可用容量增加、寿命延长的目的。具体研究内容包括:从研究锂离子电池反应机理入手，构建能描述电池健康机理且易于求解的锂离子电池组模型；并基于该模型，设计综合考虑用户需求、锂离子电池组一致性和健康性多目标协调优化的用户参与型智能充电控制策略；利用分层式框架对充电控制算法进行优化，降低其计算复杂度以便于实时控制；设计充电实验平台并对所提出的充电控制算法进行验证，为提升锂离子电池组充电性能奠定理论与技术基础。

在大力推进“碳达峰”和“碳中和”的国家战略背景下，本项目紧密结合车用锂离子电池充电控制实际需求，构建了面向充电控制的锂离子电池组模型；设计了以满足用户设置的充电需求为导向，实现锂离子电池组充电过程健康性、一致性和智能性多目标协调优化的智能充电控制策略与方法；并设计了锂离子电池组充电实验平台并对所设计的用户参与型锂离子电池组充电控制算法进行验证。研究成果发表11篇SCI期刊论文，1篇EI期刊论文，1篇EI会议论文，1篇中国核心期刊论文，1本Springer专著待发表，其中包括6篇国际顶级SCI期刊IEEE汇刊论文（入选ESI高被引论文1篇）。申请4项中国发明专利，其中授权1项。此外，成果“大功率高安全性锂电池系统设计和管理关键技术”（项目负责人为第三完成人）通过中国机械工业联合会鉴定。本项目研究成果能为车用锂离子电池组长寿命高效工作奠定重要的理论与技术基础，可以有效提升我国新能源电动汽车领域的核心技术水平。