基于编码调制的无人机安全通信技术研究

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) communication is being a powerful complement to the terrestrial radio access network due to its high degree of flexibility, which is an important network topology for 5G wireless communication system and has a wide range of application prospects. Because of the complicated operating situations, information security is a critical issue faced by UAV communication that should be solved. Secrecy coding combines the error correcting properties of channel coding and the wireless channel characteristics, and guarantees the secure and reliable communication efficiently. However, existing secrecy coding schemes cannot deal with the new requirements brought by the features of UAV communication, such as high mobility and limited energy consumption. Therefore, this research project intends to study the channel coding and the modulation technologies in physical layer and the network transmission coding methods for typical scenarios in UAV communication. We first derive the security capacity and the maximum reachable safety transmission rate. Subsequently, we propose coding and modulation methods for UAV communication with high security and low complexity, by using density evolution algorithm and coset selection method. The proposed methods are expected to ensure the completeness and the confidentiality of information, as well as provide high security communication for UAVs. The main research contents include: 1) Decentralized fountain codes that protect information completeness. 2) Control message protection methods based on parallel polar codes and frequency hopping. 3) Asynchronous physical layer network coding method for UAVs with high security and low complexity. 4) Combined optimization strategy of flight path and constellation under the constraint of confidentiality. 5) Polar codes design that achieves secure capacity and applies to the high mobility of UAVs.

无人机通信因其灵活机动性成为地面无线接入网的有力补充，是5G系统的重要组成部分，有广泛的应用前景。但由于无人机工作环境复杂，其通信安全问题亟待解决。安全编码技术有机结合编码的纠错特性与无线信道特征，能有效保证安全可靠传输，但传统安全编码方案不能满足无人机通信高移动性、能量受限等特点带来的新需求。本课题拟针对无人机通信中的典型场景，利用信道编码、调制和网络传输编码技术，分析最大可达安全速率，使用密度演进和陪集优选等方法，提出适应无人机通信特点的高安全性编码调制方法，从信息完整性和信息保密性两个角度保证无人机通信安全。具体研究内容包括：1、基于去中心化喷泉码的无人机信息完整性保护方法；2、基于跳频信道并行极化码的无人机控制信息完整性保护方法；3、高安全性低复杂度的无人机异步物理层网络编码方法；4、保密约束下的飞行轨迹和调制星座图联合优化策略；5、适应无人机高移动性的安全容量可达极化编码技术。

由于无线信道固有的开放特性、无线电信号的广播特性以及无人机通信网络拓扑的动态性，使得处在信号接收范围内的用户都可以对信号进行接收并处理，因此无人机通信特别容易遭受外界恶意窃听，如何保障无人机通信中数据的安全性显得尤为重要。本课题针对无人机群通信系统下如何有效地设计物理层安全调制编码技术以保障无人机安全运行及数据信息安全传输进行了深入的研究，取得的主要研究进展和成果包括：1、研究了基于去中心化喷泉码的无人机信息完整性保护方法；2、研究了基于并行极化码的无人机控制信息完整性保护方法；3、研究了高安全性低复杂度的无人机物理层网络编码方法；4、研究了保密约束下无人机飞行轨迹与计算卸载决策联合优化策略；5、研究了适应无人机高移动性的安全容量可达极化编码技术；6、研究了无人机窃听场景中的安全传输方案设计，例如：通信雷达同频共存的安全传输方案设计、通信感知融合的鲁棒安全传输方案设计、无人机窃听的感知辅助安全通信技术。. 经过项目组的努力，已在IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology，IEEE Transactions on Communications等国际著名期刊和WCNC等著名国际会议上共发表论文26篇，申请专利11项，超额完成原定计划。本项目取得的研究成果可有效地保障无人机通信中数据传输的安全性。