泥石流作用下建筑物易损性评估方法研究

Debris flow is a common natural hazard which usually leads to catastrophic disaster in the mountain region and poses a high risk to the local residences. Debris flow risk assessment is one of the keys to mitigating such risk and provides reliable support to debris flow mitigation control. A quantitative debris flow risk assessment requires hazardous level analysis and vulnerability assessment of the element at risk. At the current stage, quantitative hazard analysis of debris flow is well developed, however, there is a large gap between a quantitative vulnerability analysis of element at risk and the current practices. The proposed project focused on debris flow and building interaction mechanism and quantitative relationship building damage and localized structure failure, and adopts physical experiment, numerical simulation and theoretical development to study the interaction of building subject to debris flow impact, identify the failure criteria of key structure elements, and its influence on the integrity of overall building system. Eventually to develop a quantitative model to assess the vulnerability of buildings subjected to debris flow impact. This study could tackle the bottleneck of current debris flow risk assessment. At the same time, it provides scientific support to debris flow mitigation and post-disaster reconstruction as well as benefit the economic development of mountain region by providing a safer and more controllable environment.

泥石流是一种常见的山地灾害，往往造成大量山区居民住宅损毁，导致山区居住安全风险居高不下，急需探索有针对性的减灾措施保障居民生命安全。泥石流风险定量评估是一种有效的防灾减灾措施，也是减灾技术研发的科学依据。泥石流危险性分析与建筑物的易损性分析是泥石流风险评估中两个重要组成部分。现阶段，泥石流危险性分析较为成熟，而建筑物易损性分析则成为定量化风险评估工作的瓶颈。本项目针对该问题，围绕建筑物与泥石流相互作用机理以及建筑物破坏的结构损伤标准与定量计算这两个关键问题，通过模型实验、数值模拟与理论分析等技术手段，研究泥石流与建筑物相互作用机制，找出结构体在泥石流作用下的破坏准则，提出结构系统损伤与建筑物整体破坏标准，最终实现基于泥石流动力过程的建筑物易损性定量化评估。该研究成果可以解决当前山区城镇泥石流定量化风险评估的瓶颈问题，为山区防灾减灾与灾后重建工作做出科学支撑，也为山区经济发展做出贡献。

泥石流作为山区常见的自然灾害，是山区居住安全风险居高不下的主要原因之一。泥石流风险定量评估作为防灾减灾和减灾技术研发的科学依据，主要包括泥石流危险性分析与建筑物的易损性分析两个部分。现阶段泥石流危险性分析较为成熟，而建筑物易损性分析是风险定量评估的瓶颈。本项目针对该问题，围绕建筑物与泥石流相互作用机理以及建筑物破坏的定量计算这两个关键问题，通过模型实验、数值模拟与理论分析的技术手段，首先获得了泥石流固液两相冲击特征，改进了现有的泥石流冲击力计算方法；其次，通过分析泥石流与建筑物相互作用机制，找出结构体在泥石流作用下的破坏准则，构件了建筑物关键结构构件破坏和整体破坏的定量关系，实现了基于泥石流动力过程的建筑物易损性定量化评估。同时，研究建筑群落中建筑物之间的遮掩效应，进一步优化了建筑群中的房屋易损性评估。该项目的研究成果可以解决当前山区城镇泥石流定量化风险评估的瓶颈问题，为山区防灾减灾与灾后重建工作做出科学支撑。