极端工况与多重约束下变频器无差拍直接转矩控制研究

Induction motor (IM) drives are confronted with severe challenges in the high-end applications, such as numerical control machine tools, high-powered cranes, shield tunneling machines, and so on. Compared with the conventional vector control and direct torque control, deadbeat direct torque control (DBDTC) has the advantages of the fastest torque response, strong robustness, and fixed-switching frequency. And thus, DBDTC is considered as an ideal control strategy for IM drives. However, there still are several technical difficulties in the speed-sensorless IM drives under extreme speed operating conditions. The stability and dynamic property of IM DBDTC is limited under multiple constraints (maximum voltage, maximum current, maximum slip frequency). To address this problem, this project will propose a unified DBDTC control law in discrete-time domain. To achieve speed-sensorless control, a speed and flux observer is designed based on the Lyapunov stability and state plane trajectory theory. The key research content of this project is the IM control strategy under extreme operating conditions (zero rotor speed, zero stator current frequency, ultra-high speed step start-stop). The goal of the project is to achieve speed-sensorless IM DBDTC stable operation at wide speed range (0-30000r/min) with high dynamic performance. The achievements of this project are to construct the theory system of DBDTC-based inverter under extreme operating and multiple constraint conditions, and to provide new practice exploration of high-performance inverter technology independence in our country.

数控机床、大功率起重设备、盾构机等高端应用场合对感应电机变频调速系统性能提出了严峻挑战。无差拍直接转矩控制（DBDTC）相比于传统矢量控制和直接转矩控制，具有转矩响应最快、鲁棒性强、开关频率固定等优点，是理想的感应电机变频器控制方案，但无速度传感器DBDTC在极端转速运行时仍存在诸多技术难点。本项目针对感应电机DBDTC在多重约束（最大电压、最大电流、最大转差）下的不稳定及动态性能受限等问题，提出一种离散域DBDTC统一控制律，并基于Lyapunov稳定性定理与状态平面轨迹理论设计转速与磁链观测器，重点研究系统在极端工况（转子零速、定子电流零频、超高速阶跃启停）下的控制技术，最终实现无速度传感器感应电机DBDTC宽调速范围（0-30000r/min）、高动态响应稳定运行。本项目的研究将建立极端工况与多重约束下DBDTC型变频器理论体系，为我国高性能变频调速技术自主化提供新的实践探索。

感应电机无差拍直接转矩控制具有转矩响应最快、鲁棒性强、开关频率固定等优点，但其无速度传感器控制模式在极端转速运行时仍存在诸多技术难点，尤其在数控机床、大功率起重设备、盾构机等高端应用场合中。为此，本项目针对感应电机无差拍直接转矩控制在多重约束（最大电压、最大电流、最大转差）下的不稳定及动态性能受限等问题开展了以下研究：（1）感应电机无差拍直接转矩控制技术，推导了考虑定子电阻的指令定子电压统一解析解，提出了一种无差拍直接转矩控制与全阶观测器高度匹配的级联策略；（2）无速度传感器感应电机低速稳定性及零频穿越技术，提出一种无传感器感应电机极低速运行稳定性与动态性同步提升策略，并设计了一种基于励磁电流自适应的定子电流零频穿越方法；（3）多重约束下感应电机高速弱磁控制技术，设计了基于复矢量理论的电压环和电流环结构，实现系统性能的归一化设计，并将过调制二区算法引入SVPWM模块，完成相电压基波分量的极限拓展与弱磁区最大转矩的极限提升。项目完成了30篇学术论文，其中申请人以第一作者或通讯作者在电气工程领域顶级期刊《IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics》、《IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics》和《IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics》上发表论文12篇，以第一发明人获授权专利9项，培养了10名交流电机控制方向高科技人才。在全面总结本次青年项目基础上，申请人明确了交流电机极端转速运行理论与技术的研究方向，并成功获批了国家自然科学基金面上项目，为我国交流电机驱动技术和高端装备制造行业的发展提供了新的思路，具有广阔的工业应用前景。