基于组元特性的含锑难处理金矿直接熔炼富集金的基础研究

According to the geochemical characteristics, gold is apt to migrate and enrich together with antimony and arsenic in the ore-formation process, but it leads to gold capsulation by their sulfide in the refractory gold concentrate. Therefore, the development and utilization of refractory gold concentrate is a worldwide problem. Aiming at the problems of traditional methods, utilizing the special affinity of antimony and arsenic with gold, a new method of direct smelting for enriching gold from antimonial refractory gold concentrate is proposed. The results of exploration experimental showed that gold can be effective enriched into antimony matte in direct smelting process of antimonial refractory gold concentrate.. On the basis of this, the components thermodynamics of direct smelting for enriching gold from antiomonial refractory concentrate is researched firstly. The effects of double components and single component on the feature and difference of gold enrichment in smelted products are further studied, which will help to reveal the mechanism of enriching gold with components. The effects of components contents on the influence and reaction mechanism in the gold enrichment are researched under the optimal parameters, which will establish the controlling methods of enriching gold with components in the direct smelting process. Finally, the fundamental theory of direct smelting for enriching gold from antimonial refractory gold concentrate based on the components characteristics is formed systematically. The research results will provide a new idea for extracting gold from all kinds of refractory gold concentrate.

由于地球化学特性，金在成矿过程中易与锑和砷等元素共迁移和共富集，使难处理金矿中的金被它们的硫化物包裹，其开发利用是世界性难题。针对传统处理方法存在的局限性，利用该锑和砷组元与金的特殊亲和性，本项目提出一种基于组元特性的含锑难处理金矿直接熔炼富集金的方法。探索实验结果表明，含锑难处理金矿直接熔炼可以有效地将金富集在锑铁锍中。. 基于此，本项目在研究含锑难处理金矿直接熔炼富集金过程组元热力学的基础上，深入研究锑和砷双组元与单一砷组元对熔炼产物中金富集特征和差异，揭示直接熔炼过程组元富集金的作用机理，然后在最优熔炼参数下研究组元含量对金富集过程的影响规律及其反应历程，建立直接熔炼过程组元富集金的调控机制，最终形成系统的含锑难处理金矿直接熔炼过程组元富集金的基础理论。研究成果将为整个难处理金矿提取金提供一种新的思路。

由于地球化学特性，金在成矿过程中易与锑和砷等元素共迁移和富集，使难处理金矿中的金被它们的硫化物包裹，其开发利用是世界性难题。针对传统处理方法存在的局限性，利用锑和砷组元与金的特殊亲和性，提出了含锑难处理金矿直接熔炼富集金的方法。.首先，难处理直接造锍熔炼热力学研究结果表明，锑砷化合物均会发生交互反应生成单质锑和砷；其次，含锑难处理金矿的直接熔炼在最优条件：FeO/SiO2比1.2、CaO/SiO2比0.4、熔炼温度1200 °C和保温时间45 min，渣中金含量为1.76g/t，金的回收率为97.72%，锑铁锍相中金主要分布在含锑和砷的物相中，在锑物相中的分布更加密集。再次，脱锑矿直接熔炼时，渣中金含量为10.51g/t，金的回收率下降至85.67%。通过原矿定量脱除锑和脱锑矿添加高锑矿的两种方式，证明锑组元含量对熔炼富集金的影响较大。最后，脱砷矿直接熔炼时，渣中金含量为13.20g/t，金的回收率下降至75.81%。通过添加高砷矿和高锑矿两种方式，证实锑和砷组元在熔炼过程均能起到强化富集金的作用，但锑组元熔炼强化富集金的能力更强。该研究成果为难处理金矿直接熔炼富集提金新工艺的发展提供基础理论支撑。