创业环境、自我效能与大学生村官创业问题研究——以赣南等原中央苏区为例

Promoting actively the College-Graduate Village officials to entrepreneur, is the internal need of broaden the College-Graduate Village officials' channel development, and the objective need of serving to farmers, agricultural development and the construction of new countryside. This research takes the original Central Soviet Area as an example, on the basis of Entrepreneurial Theory, Social Cognition Theory and Behavior Decision Theory, interactively use the qualitative and quantitative research methods to inspect the influence of entrepreneurial environment and self-efficacy on the College-Graduate Village officials entrepreneurial direction, degree and internal mechanism, and put forward related suggestions. First, construct the evaluation index system of entrepreneurial environment and self-efficacy, and measure the College-Graduate Village officials' environment satisfaction and self-efficacy. Secondly, this research will use Structural Equation model and Data Envelopment Analysis model to analyze the influence of entrepreneurial environment and self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intention, behavior and performance. Finally, from improving the external environment and promoting internal effectiveness of proposed policy recommendations of whole perspective, provide decision-making reference for promoting entrepreneurship and enriching the people.

积极推动大学生村官就近就地创业，既是大学生村官自身发展的内在要求，也是服务农民、发展农业、建设新农村的客观需要。本项目以赣南等原中央苏区为例，依据创业理论、社会认知理论和行为决策理论，综合运用定性与定量研究方法，深入考察创业环境、自我效能对大学生村官创业的影响方向、程度和机理，并提出相关优化建议。首先，构建创业环境和自我效能评价指标体系，并测度大学生村官创业环境满意度和自我效能感；其次，分别运用结构方程模型、DEA模型分析创业环境和自我效能对大学生村官创业意愿、行为及绩效的影响；最后，从外部环境改善和内部效能提升全视角提出优化政策建议，为推动创业富民提供决策参考。

项目以原赣南等中央苏区为调查区域，利用大学生村官创业问题实地调研数据和相关大学生村官创业企业数据为依据，运用定性与定量相结合的研究方法，对大学生村官对创业环境、自我效能的响应进行了分析。在理论分析基础上，确定创业环境和自我效能的评价指标，并考察大学生村官对创业环境、自我效能的感知。二是利用调研数据考察创业环境、自我效能对大学生村官创业意愿、行为、绩效的影响。三是通过对创业政策需求分析，提出激发大学生村官创业意愿、引导大学生村官创业行为、促进大学生村官创业绩效的对策建议及制度安排。项目旨在为优化农村创业环境、提高大学生村官创业自我效能、推动乡村振兴提供相关政策建议。. 项目重点研究了以下内容：①对农村基层创业环境和大学生村官自我效能的评价和分析；②创业环境、自我效能对大学生村官创业意愿的实证分析；③大学生村官创业动因的分析；④创业事件模型驱动下的大学生村官动机分析；⑤大学生村官创业政策需求优先序测定；⑥大学生村官创业影响因素的聚类分析；⑦赣南等原中央苏区相关大学生村官创业的案例分析；⑧提出了促进大学生村官创业的政策优化及相关制度安排。. 研究成果具有一定的理论意义和应用前景。一是为大学生村官这一特殊群体对创业环境、自我效能认知的特殊性提出理论解释和实践解读；二是为管理部门优化创业环境、促进改善大学生村官自我效能提供重要依据，为促进大学生村官基层创业、就近创业，带领农民致富、带动农村发展、实现乡村振兴战略目标提供决策参考。