旅游社区社会资本的测度模型、演化机理及时空效应研究

Social capital is an important human factor that affects the relationship between human and environment. Social capital is an integral and essential component of a sustainable tourism community development strategy. Tourism not only has a great economic influence on destination communities, but also promotes the restructuring and regeneration of local social capital. Although the concept of social capital is well established in social science, it is relatively recent in its application to tourism and geography and there is a paucity of research that analyzes its evolution and roles in community tourism development. Therefore, this project will choose the Jiuzhai Valley, Zhouzhuang and Yaowan ancient town as the typical case study areas. Using multi-disciplinary theory and methods, especially geo-narrative approach, regional difference analysis, structural equation modelling and so on, this project will explore the theoretical framework and multiple dimensions of social capital in tourism community, establish a measure model to evaluate the influencing factors and structural characteristics of the social capital in tourist communities. This project will focus on tourism development and its relation to social capital, i.e. if and how the transformation from a traditional community to a major commercial tourism community affects the social capital of the place. The results of this project can guide tourism community to a sustainable development process.

社会资本形塑于社区的社会地理环境，是影响人地关系的重要人文因素，对促进旅游社区可持续发展具有重要作用。旅游发展引致的社区转型极大程度上改变了社区原有的社会关系、价值规范和制度规则，系统的研究旅游社区社会资本的演化过程、机理和效应成为旅游地理学研究的前沿领域和重要方向。本项目以九寨沟、周庄和窑湾古镇为案例地，运用地理叙事、区域对比分析和结构方程模型等方法，理清旅游社区社会资本的内在维度和理论框架，构建综合测度指标体系，实证评价旅游社区社会资本的形成机制、影响因素和结构特征，揭示旅游作用下生计模式、人口结构、价值观念变化以及新发展要素对社区社会资本演化的作用机理及其区域差异规律，从居民、邻里、旅游企业和社区四个尺度，分析社会资本演化的时空效应，探寻社区社会资本的培育路径、引导机制和社区治理模式，为旅游社区发展提供决策依据，力求拓展和深化旅游可持续发展和旅游地理学研究的视角和内容。

揭示旅游发展背景下社区社会资本的演化过程及时空规律是旅游社区可持续发展的重要内容。本项目依据研究计划，针对当前旅游社区社会资本研究的薄弱环节和旅游社区发展面临的实际问题，揭示了社会资本在旅游发展中的重要作用，理清了旅游社会资本的内在维度和理论框架，实证评价了旅游社区社会资本的形成机制、影响因素、结构特征和演化的时空规律；从社区发展和环境保护双重视角提出了旅游目的地社区居民的最佳生计策略；阐述了食物景观对地方社会记忆的表征和塑造机理；解析了旅游目的地品牌化过程中居民的涉入行为；探索了旅游从业人员工作重塑对工作投入的影响机制，并检验了个人-工作匹配和工作意义在其中扮演的角色和作用；基于创业资本框架（社会资本、人力资本、金融资本、心理资本、物质资本、自然资本、政治资本）揭示了乡村目的地旅游创业的资本组态效应和多重路径，为旅游目的地社会资本的培育和引导、旅游社区的可持续发展提供了决策的理论依据和实践指导。项目研究期间，在Journal of Sustainable Tourism, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Tourism Review, Tourism Geographies，热带地理等国内外期刊发表高水平论文9篇，产生广泛的学术影响。