铁路沿线沙障与风沙流场互馈机制及防沙工程系统控沙原理研究

China has the longest railway line in the world that is threatened by windblown sand. Among those is the Xingjiang and Qinghai-Tibet railway ,which undergoes some of the most serious windblown-sand damage. On the one hand ,the strong wind-sand flow break windows of the train and make damage to the train’s body or ever blowing turn the train,on the other hand, after the transit of strong winds, a large number of gravel is sinking, the train was forced to stop. The problem of drifting sand and gravel flux become very serious, it affect the railroad security and railway lines maintenance. This project study the control effects of sand barriers and the corresponding mechanism of sand barrier to the wind-sand field, the sand controlling principle of the sand-damage-prevention engineering system, also with the distribution and migration laws of blown sand by the measured values of the flow trajectory of gravel and wind speed testing and the survey date for wind erosion and sand sediment. After the The grain-size and psephicity of sand sample was analyzed which taken back from the monitoring points in the field along the railway in Gobi and desert area , the wind tunnel experiments and the numerical experiment would be carried out to verify the study result above. The research results be avaible to reference for the design of engineering construction of protection and preventment of drifting sand and gravel flux, it be also useful to the design of sand-control structures, improve the existing sand-damage-prevention engineering system and optimize the structural performance of various sand-damage-prevention engineering measures.

中国是世界上铁路风沙线分布最长的国家，其中又以西部新疆、青海—西藏的铁路风沙灾害最为严重。强风携沙砾流击破车窗、损坏车身甚至吹翻列车，另一方面强风过境后，大量沙砾物质沉落掩埋轨道，致使列车被迫停轮。因此，这些地区的铁路安全与线路维护问题十分突出。本项目应铁路沿线防沙工程实践对强风携沙砾运动两相流体力学特性的理论研究需求，基于铁路沿线长期的风沙流监测、实测成果数据，通过风速、风沙轨迹、积沙规律测试并借助环境风洞展开对沙障结构物阻沙控沙规律的研究，利用现场全流场实测与室内数值建模分析手段，深入研究沙障与风沙流场的互馈机制及防沙工程系统控沙原理。研究成果能为今后高速铁路跨越发展，高标准防沙措施的实践、设计提供直接理论依据与参考，同时也为解决既有防沙工程实践中防沙工程措施的维护、改造、替换等技术难题提供依据与有益参考。

本项目针对近年来我国沙漠、戈壁地区列车通行所遭遇的沙害治理问题，依托在建铁路防沙工程建设，采用现场监测、风洞测试以及CFD数值计算等多种手段，全面厘清了不同来流条件的防沙工程（系统）体系入口段风(沙)流场特性，系统地揭示了高立式沙障阻沙控沙的规律，隐蔽、半隐蔽式沙障增大地表粗糙度固定地表的作用机理以及高、中、低立式各类沙障组成的控沙系统优化机理。在项目执行期内，共完成了60组野外风沙监测采样，完成风洞内沙障模型测试80组，完成数值模型计算300组。赴铁路沿线调查3次，包括库格铁路、兰新铁路、哈罗铁路三条风沙灾害较为严重的线路。项目研究成果为铁路沿线进行工程治沙采用沙障手段提供了科学依据与参考。项目发表学术论文19篇，其中SCI检索5篇，EI检索3篇，获批专利1项。