改性甲壳素环境敏感水凝胶的结构与其抗菌性能的构效关系研究

Antibacterial material is one of the hot research fields on the functional polymer materials. As a special polymer material, the antibacterial properties of environment sensitive hydrogel also follow some rules of the ordinary polymer materials, but the crosslinking structure will directly cause fundamental changes of some properties, such as the environment in the hydrogel(for example: ion concerntrations and nutrient) and the local concentrations of some groups. It is obviously different from the antibacterial behaviors of the solution and solid. So it has important theoretical and practical significances on the antibacterial property research of the environment sensitive hydrogels. Chitin derivative is a kind of polymer material that can also be used in the antibacterial field. This project is the research on the antibacterial properties and antibacterial mechanism of the environment sensitive hydrogels base on the modified chitin, which aims at revealing the structure-activity relationship on their structures and antibacterial properties. By changing the structure (molecular structure and hydrogel structure) of chitin derivatives, the system research of the antimicrobial effects of the hydrogels and their influencing factors will be investigated. The structure changes of the derivatives and the hydrogels during the environment sensitive couse were analyzed by the modern structure characterization methods. And combined with their swelling dynamics and antibacterial properties, the effects of structure on the antibacterial behavior are analyzed. This project will provide scientific basis for revealing the structure-activity relationship on the structure and antibacterial properties of the environment sensitive hydrogels based on the modified chitin, and it will create the ideas and methods on the research of the structure-activity relationship on the structure and antibacterial properties of the hydrogels.

抗菌材料是功能高分子材料研究热点领域之一。环境敏感水凝胶作为一种特殊的高分子材料，其抗菌性能虽然也遵循普通高分子材料的某些规律，但其交联结构和环境响应性将直接导致凝胶内环境（如：离子浓度和营养物质）和基团局部浓度等性质发生根本变化，明显有别于溶液和固态的抗菌行为，因此，对于环境敏感水凝胶抗菌特性的研究具有重要的理论和现实意义。甲壳素衍生物是一类有望应用于抗菌领域的高分子。本项目拟研究改性甲壳素环境敏感水凝胶的抗菌特性及抗菌机理，旨在揭示其结构与抗菌性能的构效关系。通过改变甲壳素衍生物水凝胶的结构（分子结构和凝胶结构），系统研究水凝胶的抗菌性能及其影响因素。采用现代结构表征的方法研究刺激响应过程中水凝胶的结构变化，并结合溶胀动力学和抗菌性能，分析结构对抗菌行为的影响。本项目为揭示改性甲壳素环境敏感水凝胶的结构与抗菌性能的构效关系提供科学依据，并建立凝胶结构与抗菌性能构效关系的研究思路和方法。

环境敏感水凝胶为一类重要的功能高分子材料，在众多领域应用广泛。该水凝胶在实际使用过程中经常需要具有一定的抗菌性能。然而，环境敏感水凝胶的交联结构和环境响应性致使其抗菌行为明显有别于溶液和固态的抗菌性能，则对其抗菌特性的研究具有重要的理论和现实意义。本项目以甲壳素衍生物为水凝胶基材，通过改变水凝胶的结构（分子结构和凝胶结构），系统研究了水凝胶的抗菌性能及其影响因素。采用现代结构表征的方法研究了刺激响应过程中水凝胶的结构变化，并结合溶胀动力学和抗菌性能，揭示了改性甲壳素环境敏感水凝胶的结构与抗菌性能的构效关系。研究结果表明，改性甲壳素环境敏感水凝胶的结构主要通过溶胀影响抗菌性能，溶胀有利于抗菌基团与细菌的充分接触与相互作用。一方面，研究了水凝胶分子结构中抗菌基团的类别（季铵盐、二乙烯三胺和乙二胺等）和取代度对其抗菌性能的影响，以及pH和溶剂种类与其抗菌性能的关系。另一方面，采用了多种凝胶制备和改性方法（不同交联剂、接枝与复合等），制备了系列不同凝胶结构的甲壳素衍生物水凝胶，研究了甲壳素衍生物浓度、复合比和引发剂用量等凝胶制备工艺参数对凝胶溶胀和抗菌性能的影响；揭示了不同交联剂（柠檬酸、戊二醛、环氧氯丙烷、1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐/N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺、N,N’-二甲基双丙烯酰胺等）和交联剂用量等对抗菌性能的影响规律。此外，还分别制备了负载树形分子或小分子药物等抗菌组分的改性甲壳素水凝胶，溶胀还可通过改变水凝胶中抗菌组分的扩散以影响抗菌性能。本项目为揭示改性甲壳素环境敏感水凝胶的结构与抗菌性能的构效关系提供了科学依据。改性甲壳素环境敏感水凝胶在抗菌和生物医用等材料中具有广阔的应用前景。