特提斯域构造沉积演化对源盖关键成藏要素的控制作用及其油气富集响应

How tectono-depositional evolution controls essencial elements of petroleum systems is a challenging topic and integrated studies of such a topic will greatly benefit the advancement of petroleum geoscience. The key issue involved in the investigation is to establish the linkage among tectono-depositional evolution, essential elements and petroleum resources endowment with a petroleum system approach. This study will focus on the west and middle Asian sectors of the Tethyan realm. Based on data derived from IHS and Tellus companies, literatures in public domain and unpublished reports of our previous studies, the tempo-spacial distribution patterns of source rocks and seals will be delineated with ArcGis mapping techniques.. An integrated analysis of the investigation results could reveal how the tectono-depositional evolution controlled the development of source rocks and seals in the Tethyan realm. With the Tethyan evolution and source rock characteristics as the basis, the supper petroleum system framework and distribution of petroleum systems in the study area will be established and delineated. Statistical analyses of oil and gas reserves and undiscovered oil and gas resources in the petroleum systems will lead to the characterization of the total petroleum endowment and its components as well as tempo-spacial distribution of petroleum resources. Integrated analyses, classification and comparison of petroleum systems could indicate how tectono-depostional evolution, essential elements of source rocks and seals, and petroleum resources endowment are inter-linked. The impacts of the Tethyan evolution on the enrichment of petroleum resources could be established.

构造沉积演化对油气成藏要素的控制及其油气富集响应是石油地质学研究的难点与发展趋势，其核心研究内容是以含油气系统分析为主要研究手段，建立构造沉积、关键成藏要素和油气资源的关联性。本项目以“一带一路”内特提斯西亚、中亚段为研究对象，基于IHS和Tellus商业数据库、公开文献和前期研究收集的数据资料，采用地理信息系统（ArcGis）成图技术，刻画研究区烃源岩、盖层等关键成藏要素的时空分布，揭示特提斯构造沉积演化对源盖的控制作用。以特提斯演化过程和烃源岩特征为基础，建立研究区内的超级含油气系统格架和含油气系统的展布，统计分析油气资源结构及其时空展布。通过含油气系统的系统表征与类比分析，揭示构造沉积、源盖成藏要素和油气资源的相关关系，探索特提斯演化过程的油气富集响应。

特提斯域是世界上油气最富集的地区，前人对特提斯的构造沉积演化和其含油气盆地做过一系列有益的研究和探索，并取得了相应的成果，但归纳起来，尚存两方面的科学问题亟待解决：（1）构造沉积演化对关键油气成藏要素的控制机制；（2）构造沉积演化过程的油气富集响应。本研究以这两个科学问题为探索目标，主要聚焦三方面的研究：（1）探寻特提斯演化对烃源岩和盖层的控制作用；（2）以区域构造演化阶段为格架，建立不同演化阶段的超级含油气系统；（3）探索特提斯演化的油气富集响应。. 特提斯域已探明和控制常规油气储量3983.09亿吨油当量，占全球常规油气可采储量的65.4%。特提斯域油气分布东西向呈现出明显的分段性，西亚段富集了特提斯域内61.9%的油气储量、而中亚段仅占1.8%。西亚段的油气储量更多地富集于南缘盆地，而中亚段则主要分布于北缘盆地。特提斯域西亚—中亚段发育7类超级含油气系统：原特提斯洋克拉通内断陷型、原特提斯洋克拉通内坳陷型、古特提斯洋活动陆缘断陷型、新特提斯洋被动陆缘型、新特提斯洋活动陆缘坳陷型、新特提斯洋活动陆缘前陆盆地型和副特提斯洋活动陆缘前陆盆地型。特提斯洋的演化控制了域内超级含油气系统的发育，特提斯西亚段南缘的阿拉伯板块经历了原特提斯、古特提斯和新特提斯演化期，除了新特提斯洋活动陆缘坳陷型和副特提斯洋活动陆缘前陆盆地型超级含油气系统外，板块内发育了其他五类超级含油气系统。与之相比，北缘盆地群缺乏与原特提斯洋相关的超级含油气系统，而且新特提斯洋演化时期，发育的是活动陆缘坳陷型超级含油气系统。. 多个超级含油气系统，特别是原特提斯洋克拉通内坳陷型和新特提斯洋被动陆缘型高效超级含油气系统的发育和叠加导致了阿拉伯板块油气的高度富集。广布的优质烃源岩和区域盖层特别是蒸发岩盖层控制了超级含油气系统的生烃规模和油气聚集效率，即原始的油气富集程度。一个超级含油气系统内油气的富集则与正向构造带和/或规模储集相带密切相关。