“电-碳”双因素影响下制造企业生产资源调度及优化策略研究

Green manufacturing, which has been listed as one of the top five major projects, is the vision of Made in China 2025 strategy. Controlling electricity consumption and carbon emissions is an important way for enterprises to achieve green manufacturing. Therefore, this project systematically studies the production resource scheduling and optimization strategies of manufacturing enterprises under the combined influence of electricity and carbon. Firstly, the influence elements of electrical and carbon (e.g., peak and valley price, ladder price and carbon emission quota) are analyzed and measured by the decomposition analysis and the dimensional analysis. Secondly, the alternative resource scheduling strategies (i.e., profit priority, carbon control priority, electricity control priority, optimization and constriction concurrency) are proposed, the scheduling strategy models are correspondingly constructed. According to the algorithm design theory, the model solving algorithms are designed, and the scheduling schemes are also obtained. Then, based on the scenario data of manufacturing enterprises, the data envelopment analysis (DEA) methods are used to evaluate the alternative scheduling strategies, and consequently the optimization paths are provided. Finally, through simulating multiple ”electricity-carbon” policy scenarios, the response characteristics of production resource scheduling are found in manufacturing enterprises, and the effectiveness and the potential improvement space of the existing electrical-carbon policy are analyzed. This project will theoretically promote the traditional scheduling theories to adapt the new environmental friendly formal, and provide data supports and improvement suggestions for the effectiveness analysis and optimization of the national “electrical-carbon” control policies.

绿色制造是中国制造2025的愿景，被列为其五项重点工程之一。控制电能消耗和碳排放是制造企业实现绿色生产的重要途径。因此，本项目系统研究“电-碳”双因素影响下制造企业生产资源调度及优化策略问题。首先，通过分解分析、量纲分析等方法，针对峰谷电价、阶梯电价、碳排放配额等电碳因素影响进行分析和定量测度。其次，提出利润优先、碳控制优先、用电控制优先、最优及约束并行等备选的资源调度策略，构建相应的调度决策模型，根据算法设计理论设计模型求解算法，求解得到调度方案；接着，结合企业调研得到情境数据，运用数据包络分析方法对各种备选调度策略进行评价与分析，为企业提出资源调度策略的优化路径。最后，通过多种“电-碳”政策情境模拟，挖掘制造企业生产资源调度的响应特征，分析现有电碳政策有效性和可能改进之处。该项目在理论上推动传统调度理论适应绿色环保新常态，并为国家电碳调控政策的有效性分析和优化提供数据支撑和改进建议。

绿色制造是我国制造强国战略的重点工程之一, 控制电能消耗和碳排放是制造企业实现绿色生产的重要途径。基于此，本项目系统研究了“电-碳”双因素影响下制造企业生产资源调度及优化策略问题。项目组针对峰谷电价、阶梯电价、碳排放配额等电碳因素影响进行分析和定量测度，分析了资源调度策略备选集合，构建相应的调度决策模型，根据分布估计算法设计理论设计多目标求解算法，求得绿色调度方案；结合碳排放配额和可变电价的情境分析，运用数据包络分析方法对各种备选调度策略进行评价与分析，为制造企业提出资源调度优化策略。通过“电-碳”政策组合情境的仿真分析，挖掘制造企业生产资源调度对政策影响的响应特征，对现有碳排放交易政策与能源电力政策提出了系列改进建议。本项目研究在微观层面上得到了“电-碳”因素导入的绿色调度模型与调度算法，在宏观层面上也给出了国家电碳调控政策的有效性分析和改进建议。