T/R-T/R体制双基地紧凑型地波雷达海上目标航迹多方位探测方法研究

High frequency surface wave radar (HFSWR) is the main remote sensor for continuously monitoring marine target in a wide range. Thereinto, compact HFSWR has the advantage of occupying smaller radar site, lower power consumption, easy deployment and maintenance compared to the large array HFSWR. However, it has the disadvantage of weaker target echo, wider blind zone and lower azimuth accuracy, which will result in problems of miss detection, track loss and low positioning precision..To solve those problems, a new bistatic compact HFSWR with the mode of T/R-T/R is proposed (new HFSWR for short), and multi-azimuth target tracks detection method of this new HFSWR is developed. The integrated method of detection and tracking is used to solve the difficulty of weak signal detection, and the fusion results of multi-azimuth tracks can reduce the probability of the target track loss and improve the positioning accuracy. The main contents to be researched include: Integrative method of target detection and tracking with new HFSWR, multi-azimuth track association method which generates associated track sets, fusion method with associated track sets to determine the accurate tracks..In summary, the developed detection technology of multi-azimuth target tracks with new HFSWR will provide an accurate tracking solution of marine target with compact HFSWR, which will further extend the application range of HFSWR.

高频地波雷达是海上船只目标大范围连续探测的主要手段，其中紧凑型地波雷达相对于大型阵列式雷达，具有占用场地小、功耗低、架设和维护方便的优点，是地波雷达系统的重要发展方向。但紧凑型地波雷达目标信号弱、遮挡盲区大、测向精度低等缺陷会导致目标检测困难、航迹丢失和定位精度低。.针对以上问题，本项目提出发展T/R-T/R体制双基地紧凑型地波雷达（简称新体制地波雷达）海上目标航迹多方位探测方法，利用检测跟踪一体化解决单方位紧凑型地波雷达弱信号检测困难，利用多方位目标航迹融合确定精确目标航迹，降低航迹丢失概率，提高目标探测精度。研究内容包括：新体制地波雷达单方位目标航迹一体化探测方法、多方位目标航迹关联及关联组生成方法和基于目标航迹关联组的精确目标航迹融合确定方法。.通过发展新体制地波雷达目标探测技术，为紧凑型地波雷达海上目标精确跟踪提供了一种新的解决方案，拓宽地波雷达的应用范围。

高频地波雷达能超视距连续跟踪海上船只目标，其中小阵列紧凑型地波雷达相对于大型阵列式雷达，具有占用场地小、功耗低、架设和维护方便的优点。但紧凑型地波雷达中目标信号弱、测向精度低，会导致目标检测困难、航迹丢失和定位精度低。本项目发展了适合于紧凑型地波雷达的检测跟踪一体化、双站紧凑型地波雷达目标关联和融合等方法，提高紧凑型地波雷达的目标探测性能，并开展实测实验验证了发展的技术。. 本项目主要取得了以下三个方面的研究成果：(1)紧凑型地波雷达目标检测一体化方面：开展了单基地和双基地紧凑型地波雷达一阶海杂波和目标特性分析；发展了基于动态规划法、粒子滤波方法的地波雷达目标检测跟踪一体化方法，解决单站紧凑型地波雷达弱信号检测困难以及导致的航迹跟踪断裂和丢失问题，提高了紧凑型地波雷达的目标航迹跟踪性能；相关方法已应用于T/R单基地和T-R双基地岸基紧凑型地波雷达目标航迹探测中。(2)双站紧凑型地波雷达目标探测结果的关联和融合方面：通过T/R单基地地波雷达目标定位精度分析，提出了基于目标航迹信息的双站紧凑型地波雷达探测结果的关联思路，发展了基于序贯相似度的双站紧凑型地波雷达目标航迹最优化关联方法。经过仿真与实测数据验证表明：基于航迹信息的双站地波雷达目标关联概率明显高于基于点迹信息的关联结果，且双站融合结果的定位精度较融合前明显提高。(3)紧凑型地波雷达实验验证方面：组织开展了T/R单基地岸基地波雷达、T/R-T/R双站岸基地波雷达目标以及船载地波雷达目标探测实验，基于实测实验数据，验证所发展的紧凑型地波雷达检测跟踪一体化、双站紧凑型地波雷达目标航迹关联和融合等方法。. 本项目所发展的技术与方法，可进一步提高紧凑型地波雷达的目标航迹跟踪性能和空间定位精度，拓展了紧凑型地波雷达目标探测技术的应用范围，对新体制地波雷达海洋探测技术的发展及推广应用具有重要的意义。