洪泛平原湿地越冬雁类适宜栖息地时空动态及其维持机制

Habitat requirements are often defined as abiotic features of the environment that are necessary for the survival and persistence of individuals or populations. Food abundance, security and disguise are the main factors determined waterbirds’ habitat selection and preference. Therefore, proposing the quantitative criteria based on the above factors lays the foundation for identifying suitable habitats accurately and effectively. Habitats’ formulation and maintenance in a large floodplain complex are closely linked with vegetation phenology and hydrological regime. The proposed study will detect the key characteristic parameters of available food resources, analyze the tradeoff between the quality and quantity of suitable food resources, and reveal the food selection and preference mechanism for wintering geese based on their habitats’ requirements. The study will depict the temporal and spatial dynamics of suitable habitats by using remote sensing data and analyze the habitat maintenance through the interactions among geese population, vegetation phenology and the hydrological regime, which provides scientific knowledge temporal-spatial pattern of geese population and scientific base for predicting the habitat carrying capacity and setting up the conservation strategy in the floodplain complex.

栖息地是生物生存和维持个体及种群所需要的环境因素特征。食物资源的丰富度、安全性和隐蔽性等指标决定水鸟对栖息地的选择与偏好。建立上述因素对栖息地影响的定量指标，是精准识别栖息地、开展有效保护的前提。洪泛平原栖息地的形成过程与水文节律和植被物候密切相关。本项目拟在雁类栖息地需求分析的基础上，提取雁类食源植被可利用性的关键特征参数，分析雁类可利用食源植被质量和数量的权衡关系，揭示雁类食物资源的选择与偏好机制。对可利用的食源植被进行遥感反演，刻画适宜栖息地的时空动态，揭示洪泛平原湿地雁类适宜栖息地维持的植被-水文耦合作用机制。本研究将为洪泛平原雁类种群的时空分布提供科学解释，为预测栖息地承载力和制定保护策略提供科学基础。

栖息地是生物生存和维持个体及种群所需要的环境因素特征。食物资源的丰富度、安全性和隐蔽性等指标决定水鸟对栖息地的选择与偏好。建立上述因素对栖息地影响的定量指标，是精准识别栖息地、开展有效保护的前提。本研究基于调查数据和卫星追踪数据，获取了雁类分布动态，进行了雁类分布制图，开展了雁类取食食物资源的生长及营养过程监测，分析了食源植被生长指标与营养指标之间的权衡关系，确定了适宜雁类取食植被的时间窗口，揭示了雁类对食物资源的选择机制。建立基于Google Earth Engine的淹没范围及湿地类型分布的自动提取方法，基于MaxEnt模型，进行了雁类适宜栖息地模拟，绘制了适宜栖息地时空动态分布图。分析了雁类的分布概率与食物资源可利用性和水文特征之间的关系，揭示洪泛平原湿地雁类适宜栖息地维持的植被-水文耦合作用机制，研究为洪泛平原雁类种群的时空分布提供科学解释，为预测栖息地承载力和制定保护策略提供科学基础。