短日照诱导小豆花荚发育中碳氮代谢的生理响应机制研究

Adzuki bean is a typical short-day plant type, that is very sensitive to the duration of day length. As one important type of side crop, the dropping of blossoms and pods has been becoming the major factor that restricts the high and stable yield of adzuki bean. The experiments of initial research show that the changes of carbon and nitrogen metabolisms along with the variation of day time directly affect the differentiation and development of plant's blossoms. Based on the preliminary study findings about adzuki bean photoperiod inducement, the current study intends to explore changes of carbon and nitrogen metabolisms and the distribution properties of the assimilates from short-day photoperiod inducement through multiple levels such as cytology, physiology and biochemistry, phenotype, take pot culture and field experiment in combination, through ELISA, isotope tracer technique and colorimetry. The current study aims to address the transportation and the response of hormone levels, enzyme activities, nucleic acid and specific protein's response and the physiological response mechanisms of carbon and nitrogen metabolisms and assimilates distribution of blossoms and pods development from short-day inducement of adzuki bean, and then explore the key physiological mechanism about the blossoms and pods development from short-day photoperiod inducement. The current study results will provides important threoretical basis about blossoms development under short-day pfotoperiod control of adzuki bean and enrichs the knowledge of photoperiod and plant floral induction in adzuki, meanwhile, the study also provides important threoretical value and practical meaning for the high yield cultivationure of adzuki bean.

小豆是典型的短日照植物，其生长发育对日照长度非常敏感。作为一种重要杂粮，落花落荚严重一直是限制小豆高产稳产的主要因素。研究表明，日照长度可显著影响植物体内碳氮代谢，并进一步影响植物花的分化和发育。本研究基于前期关于小豆光周期的研究成果，拟采取盆栽与大田试验相结合的方式，通过酶联免疫、同位素示踪、比色等方法，从细胞学、生理生化和表型等多个层次，系统研究短日照诱导下小豆花荚发育中碳氮代谢变化与同化物分配特性。本研究拟通过剖析短日照诱导下小豆花荚离层部位碳氮同化物转运特点、激素水平、关键酶活性、核酸与特异性蛋白在花荚发育中的响应，进而阐明短日照诱导影响小豆花荚发育的关键生理机制。研究结果可为深入研究短日照调控小豆花的发育，丰富光周期与植物成花诱导提供理论基础，同时，对指导小豆高产栽培也有重要的理论价值和应用意义。

小豆是典型的短日照植物，其生长发育对日长反应异常敏感，落花落荚严重一直是限制小豆高产稳产的主要因素。研究表明，日照长度改变对植株体内碳、氮代谢的影响，直接而深刻到影响着小豆花的和发育。因此，深入研究小豆碳氮代谢生理生化机制与其花分化、发育和结实之间的关系，对指导小豆高产栽培具有重要理论价值。本研究基于项目组前期关于小豆光周期诱导的研究成果，拟通过盆栽与大田试验相结合的方式，旨在系统研究短日照诱导下小豆花荚发育期间的碳氮代谢与同化物分配特性。包括明确短日照诱导下小豆花荚与花荚离层部位的碳氮同化物转运特点，花荚离层部位激素水平、关键酶活性、核酸与特异性蛋白在花荚发育中的响应。本课题通过酶联免疫、同位素示踪、比色等方法，从细胞学、生理生化和表型等多个层次，阐明短日照诱导对小豆花荚发育的关键生理机制，为深入研究短日照调控小豆花的发育和丰富光周期与植物成花诱导提供理论基础。经过2013-2016年4年研究，取得主要结果如下：（1）明确了短日照诱导下，小豆花器官关键酶活性与碳氮代谢对短日照诱导的响应机制，并通过分析花器官对短日照诱导的响应差异，提出了改善小豆花荚脱落的最佳短日照诱导时期，为进一步通过外源调节剂使用改善小豆花荚脱落奠定了理论基础。(2) 明确了短日照诱导下小豆叶片内源激素（GA1+3、ABA、ZR、IAA）含量及其平衡的响应，并明确了小豆叶片光合参数、叶绿素含量与荧光的响应情况。(3) 明确了短日照诱导对不同熟性小豆花芽分化进程的影响，并通过进一步研究籽粒营养品质对短日照诱导的响应，为在育种工作中进一步定向调控小豆生育期和籽粒特征提供了参考。本研究重点针对小豆花荚脱落过程中碳氮代谢的生理机制，重点揭示该过程涉及的生理和细胞学规律，为小豆定向育种以及外在调节剂调控提供参考。