A direct-charge collecting sensor without gas-electron avalanche amplification called Topmetal-S for neutrinoless double-beta decay experiments has been developed by Central China Normal University. The Topmetal-S features a single charge collection electrode. A high-pressure gaseous Time Projection Chamber (TPC) made of a charge readout panel composed of Topmetal-S sensors can achieve high energy resolution. The immediate challenge is to develop a charge sensitive pre-amplifier with very low noise. In the previous researches, the input Equivalent Noise Charge (ENC) of the charge sensitive pre-amplifier is about 30 e-. In order to reduce the ENC furtherly, this project aims to research noise reduction methods. 1) A novel-structure low-noise charge sensitive pre-amplifier is proposed hence decreasing the input capacitance of the detector without reducing the size of the charge collection electrode. 2) A very low bandwidth and small area low-pass filter is studied to reduce the noise on each bias node and reject backgrounds. 3) The techniques and methods of the substrate noise coupling effect reduction are studied. Based on above noise reduction methods, we can design a novel charge sensitive pre-amplifier with an ENC of less than 20 e-, reducing the ENC by 33% compared to the previous one. The novel charge sensitive pre-amplifier will be installed in the next-generation Topmetal-S. The researches of this project are of great significance to improve the energy resolution of the TPC.
华中师范大学针对无中微子双贝塔衰变实验研制了单电极无气体电子雪崩放大直接电荷收集传感器Topmetal-S,由其组成的电荷读出平面制成高压气体时间投影室(TPC)实现高能量分辨率,最大的挑战是极低噪声电荷灵敏前置放大器的设计。申请人前期研究,实现了其输入等效电荷噪声(ENC)约为30e-。为了进一步降低ENC,本项目旨在研究电荷灵敏前置放大器的降噪方法:1)提出一种新型结构的电荷灵敏前置放大器,能够保证电荷收集电极面积不变条件下减小探测器输入电容,并进行低噪声设计;2)研究极低带宽小面积的低通滤波器,减小偏置节点噪声和背景噪声;3)研究减小衬底噪声耦合效应技术与方法。通过以上降噪方法研究,能够设计出低噪声电荷灵敏前置放大器,实现其ENC<20e-的目标,与前期研究相比,ENC降低33%,并集成于下一代Topmetal-S中。本项目的研究对提高TPC的能量分辨率具有重要意义。
大多数寻找无中微子双贝塔衰变事例的实验方法是检测总贝塔能谱在Qββ处的尖峰,要求探测器达到1%水平或者更好的半高宽(FWHM)能量分辨率,而且需要抑制潜在的背景噪声,同时,重建电离径迹来提高对本底事件的抑制能力和对无中微子双贝塔衰变事例的进一步确认。高压气体TPC配合一种无气体电子雪崩倍增的像素电荷读出平面的读出方法是最有潜力同时实现电荷径迹和高能量分辨率的探测器,其要求传感器具有极低噪声。无气体电子雪崩倍增的像素电荷读出平面是由单电极电荷收集传感器Topmetal-S组成,本项目针对无中微子双贝塔衰变实验低噪声的要求,设计并优化Topmetal-S电荷收集传感器的模拟前端放大器,具体研究工作如下:首先,分析了影响模拟前端放大器的噪声因素和降低噪声的方法;然后,设计了一种PMOS为输入管的单端折叠式共源共栅结构电荷灵敏前置放大器,通过优化输入管的尺寸、输入管与负载管间电流比例和反馈电容容值降低等效噪声电荷ENC,同时,设计了一种输入管为源漏跟随的新型电荷灵敏放大器,通过屏蔽技术,将金属微条电极对地电容转换成输入管的源、漏与栅极间的耦合电容,减小了输入电容,从而进一步减小ENC;其次,使用MOS管的沟道等效电阻,通过调节其栅极电压实现沟道电阻可调,在保证低通滤波器低带宽条件下,增大MOS管沟道电阻,减小滤波电容,从而实现了噪声滤除的同时减小了面积;最后,在电荷灵敏放大器版图研制过程中,使用衬底隔离环对输入管进行单独隔离,并且在模拟电路周围增加衬底接触,减小衬底噪声耦合。通过以上方法的研究与设计,电荷灵敏放大器的输入等效噪声电荷ENC小于20e-,实现了预定研究目标。该研究成果将降低Topmetal-S传感器的ENC,从而提高探测器能量分辨率,最终提高探测器对无中微子双贝塔衰变半衰期测量灵敏度,具有重要科学意义。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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