超声波-电化学耦合场中胶原蛋白的反应机制

Only through the exchange and linking reaction, the natural collagen can suffice for the most industrial materials. And it will be a new kind of reaction about the collagen and some usual reactants in the electric-ultrasonic coupling field, such as acid, base, salts and polar compound, whose mechanism also is undiscovered. Taking solid and liquid collagen as the subject, this project exploit the forming courses and the mechanism of the coupling cooperative effect between “electromotion” of electric field and the “sonic anxo-action” of ultrasonic field. And the whole research mainly includes three steps. Firstly, in order to examine the influence of structure on the coupling effects, the optimal reactor in the electric-ultrasonic chemical coupling field should be designed. Secondly, the denaturation process of collagen in the coupling field can be reflected by testing the reactive behavior of the denatured collagen. At last, the transporting and permeating process of the small molecules containing acid, base and salts, and the forming courses and mechanism of new product also has been studied during the exchange behavior of these materials. The selective reaction of the organic molecule with hydroxyl, carboxyl and sulfonate group in the coupling field of “sonic anxo-action and electromotion” has been tested, which can embed into the collagen and attain to a thermodynamic equilibrium. This project also looked for the reason for the influence of “sonic anxo-action” on the reaction course, and wanted to definite the relationship between “sonic anxo-action” and “electromotion”. The study involves ultrasonic field, electric field and protein chemistry, and explore the reaction discipline between protein modified and other low molecular compound, which can provide a new way for the preparation of new collagen materials.

天然的胶原蛋白只有通过与外界的物质交换后才能达到许多工业材料的应用要求，而在超声/电化学耦合场中，胶原蛋白的相关反应至今未知。本项目以固态、液态胶原蛋白为对象，探索电场“电动”与超声场“声促”的协同作用及机制，包括：设计超声/电化学耦合场反应器，考察反应器结构对耦合效果的影响；研究胶原蛋白在耦合作用下的变性过程及反应活性；探索耦合场中鞣性化合物在胶原蛋白内外的迁移过程，明确新物质的形成过程和机制。获得在“声促-电动”的多场耦合作用下，含羟基、羧基和磺酸基有机小分子的反应选择性，及嵌入并与胶原大分子结合的热力学平衡规律；寻究“声促”可能导致改变反应历程的原因，探明耦合场中新物质形成与“声促-电动”作用之间的关系。本研究属于涉及超声、电场、蛋白质化学的新兴交叉学科，通过探索耦合场中蛋白质修饰及其与小分子化合物交换的反应规律，可为制备新型胶原基材料及其工程化应用创建新途径。

胶原蛋白基复合材料的制备中最重要的一步为复合改性，即胶原蛋白内部小分子间质的溶出、交联剂向其内部的渗透缝合，而天然的胶原蛋白只有通过改性才能达到许多工业材料的应用要求。现有的方法主要是借助于机械作用与需要复合的材料进行交换、交联，目前提高反应动力的方法以增加反应物浓度为主，但这种动力学平衡受热运动影响，结果导致在实际化学过程中，高浓度的反应物被浪费。为了解决以上问题，本项目将超声波的“声促”和电场的“电动”协同辅助鞣性化合物向胶原蛋白纤维内的渗透与结合，研究结果发现，电场中制备的醛基淀粉作为鞣剂，可获得收缩温度82.2℃，拉伸强度28.23MPa，断裂伸长率68.35%的鞣制山羊皮服装革，符合服装皮标准。通过控制超声波频率、功率及电场电压、电解质浓度，可调控无机铬鞣剂和铝鞣剂在胶原蛋白内的渗透速度和均匀性；通过在超声波/电化学耦合场中原位获得鞣性化合物与胶原蛋白的复合物，实现了超声波和电场的均匀协同鞣制，阐明了新物质的形成过程和机制。本项目研究结果对制备新型胶原基及两性化合物新材料及相关行业的发展具有重要意义。