考虑资源约束的柔性自动化制造单元调度优化研究

As a kind of advanced automated manufacturing systems, robotic cells are increasingly used in industries such as machining, electronics manufacturing and chemical processing. With the rising cost of production factors such as labor and raw materials, it is of great significance to study the scheduling theory considering resource constraints to improve system productivity and resource utilization. This project studies the resource-constrained flexible robotic cells scheduling problems. Firstly, by considering the effects of resource constraints, processing flexibility and material handling, effective mathematical models are developed for resource-constrained flexible robotic cells scheduling problems, and the structural characteristics of the models and the properties of the optimal solution are analyzed. Secondly, based on optimization theory and techniques such as linear programming, integer programming, branch-and-bound algorithm, heuristics and multi-objective optimization theory, an exact algorithm including preprocessing, valid inequalities and good-quality initial solutions is developed for small and medium-scale problems, and for large-scale problems, effective Matheuristics embedding the properties of the problems are developed. Finally, the proposed models and algorithms are validated using cases from typical robotic cells. The research will provide solutions for robotic cells scheduling problems considering resource constraints, and have important application value in the mechanical manufacturing and electronics industries.

作为制造业转型升级的重要途径，自动化制造单元（Robotic cells）在机械加工等行业得到日趋广泛应用。本项目研究考虑资源约束的柔性自动化制造单元调度问题。首先，综合考虑资源约束、加工柔性以及物料搬运的影响，为考虑资源约束的自动化制造单元调度问题构建有效的单目标和多目标混合整数规划模型，并通过系统分析得出模型的结构特性和最优解的性质；在此基础上，综合运用整数规划、启发式算法以及多目标优化方法等最优化理论和技术，为中小规模调度问题开发包含模型预处理、有效不等式和高质量初始解的有效精确算法，为大规模问题开发融合问题特征的数学规划启发式算法（Matheuristics）。最后以典型的自动化制造单元为对象，对提出的调度理论与方法进行系统验证、评价和应用。本项目的研究成果将为考虑资源约束的柔性自动化制造单元调度问题提供解决思路，并在机械加工、电子制造等制造行业有较重要的应用价值。

本项目研究考虑资源约束的柔性自动化制造单元调度优化模型与求解算法。首先对具有无等待约束的不同类型自动化制造单元调度优化问题的调度模型、优化方法和复杂度的相关研究进行了系统的回顾，并针对相关企业自动化制造单元的运作与管理现状进行了调研分析。针对考虑生产节拍和完工时间的单目标调度优化问题，以及综合考虑能耗约束和搬运能力约束的多目标优化问题进行了深入分析，从不同视角构建了问题的数学模型，从理论上分析了不同模型的优劣关系，进而构建了统一泛化的考虑资源约束的自动化制造单元调度模型。在此基础上，构建有效不等式和预处理技术，提出融合问题特征的邻域结构、局部搜索策略和禁忌策略，开发了求解上述调度问题的自适应大规模邻域搜索算法、基于迭代搜索的多目标优化算法和高效的混合求解算法。最后，以半导体制造和板坯加工的自动搬运系统主要应用场景，通过基准算例与随机生成算例对所开发的模型和算法进行了测试，通过对比文献中已有调度方法验证了其有效性和适用性。本项目的研究可为考虑不同资源约束的柔性自动化制造单元调度问题提供了新的解决思路，并在相关行业具有一定的应用前景。