基于机载激光测深数据的海底DEM生成及底质分类研究

Airborne laser bathymetric technique is a hot and difficult problem in the field of present marine surveying and mapping. The promising prospect of the application of the technique has greatly attracted people’s attention. Although the bathymetric hardware is already quite mature in foreign countries, the post processing methods of bathymetric observations are still in the phase of research and development. And there are still many problems that have not been well solved. Such as bathymetric accuracy improvement, description and classification of topographical and geological of seabed. Under such background, combining the theory and method of ocean dynamics, numerical analysis and computational geometry, this project mainly study the accuracy error correction models of airborne laser bathymetric data. And the bathymetric accuracy of airborne laser bathymetric system can be improved effectively. On this basis, this project studies the high precision digital elevation model (DEM) generation algorithm which can accurately describe topographical characteristics of seabed and topographical and geological automatic classification method based on topographical characteristics factor and laser echo information. The research work of this project can effectively improve automatic interpretation accuracy and intelligent degree of airborne laser bathymetric data. It also can promote the development and application of airborne laser bathymetric system in China. The research results of this project can provide information support and reference for reasonable development planning of shallow sea area.

机载激光测深技术是当今海洋测绘领域研究的热点与难点之一。该技术的广阔应用前景引起人们的极大关注，且硬件设备在国外已相当成熟，但机载激光测深数据后处理技术仍处于研究发展阶段，在测深精度提高、海底地形底质的描述以及分类等方面还有许多难点问题有待研究解决。为此，本项目结合海洋动力学、数值分析、计算几何等领域的理论与方法，重点研究机载激光测深数据的精确误差改正模型，提高机载激光测深数据的测深精度；在此基础上，研究能精确描述海底地形的高精度数字高程模型（DEM）生成算法以及地形特征因子与激光回波信息相结合的海底地形底质分类方法，实现海底地形特征的精确描述以及地形底质的自动分类。本项目的研究可以有效提高机载激光测深数据的自动解译精度和智能化程度，促进机载激光测深系统在我国的发展和应用。研究成果可以为浅海区域的合理发展规划提供信息支持和参考依据。

机载激光测深技术是当今海洋测绘领域研究的热点与难点之一。该技术的广阔应用前景引起人们的极大关注，机载激光测深系统的硬件设备在国外已相当成熟，但机载激光测深数据后处理技术仍处于研究发展阶段，在全波形数据分解、测深精度提高、海底底质分类等方面仍有需多难点问题有待研究解决。为此，本项目结合海洋动力学、数值分析、计算几何等领域的理论与方法，首先以机载激光测深全波形数据的形态特征为基础，研究基于时间顺序的高斯半波长递进分解方法，提升机载激光测深数据的准确性与可靠性；其次重点研究基于海面波动的测深数据误差改正模型，提高机载激光测深数据的测深精度；在此基础上，研究机载激光测深数据和多波束测深数据相融合的高精度海底DEM生成方法；并探讨基于回波强度信息的海底底质分类方法，初步进行回波强度校正研究。本项目的研究可以有效提高机载激光测深数据的自动解译精度和智能化程度，促进机载激光测深系统在我国的发展和应用。研究成果可以为浅海区域的合理发展规划提供信息支持和参考依据。