有机废水绿色处理的双电池工艺及协同作用机制研究

Contaminants in the organic wastewater usually contain biodegradable organics and biorefractory organics. This project proposes a new dual-cell technology concept for green treatment of organic wastewater, which cooperated EC(Electrolytic cell) and MFC（Microbial fuel cell）, without adding chemical reagents. MFC removes biodegradable organics and EC degrades refractory organics. The former unit provides energy for the latter, and the latter provides hydrogen peroxide as electron acceptor for the former. Both of them promote each other. This project aims to develop high activity electrode materials for the degradation of organic matter, reveal the degradation law of organic matter in model and actual wastewater, investigate the performance of microorganisms on MFC anode, establish the kinetic model for the generation of hydrogen peroxide on the cathode of EC, study reaction kinetics rate of hydrogen peroxide as electron acceptor of MFC, investigate the voltage output performance and energy conversion rule of MFC unit and clarify the synergistic mechanism of dual cell process. This project has fundamental and applied significance by serving to enrich the family of electrochemical method for water treatment, and to add novel approach for the treatment of organic pollutants in water.

有机废水中污染物分为可生化降解有机物和难生化降解有机物。本项目提出一种有机废水绿色处理的双电池新工艺思想，由微生物燃料电池（MFC）和电化学电解池（EC）协同而成，无需外加化学药剂。MFC单元去除可生化降解有机物，EC单元去除难生化降解有机物；前者为后者提供能量，后者为前者提供电子受体过氧化氢；二者是物质和能量流动与转化的整体，且相互协同。研究内容包括：研究电池高效降解有机物的电极材料，揭示两个电池单元中模型有机物和实际废水中有机物的降解规律；研究MFC阳极微生物的性能，建立EC阴极池中过氧化氢的生成动力学数学模型，考察过氧化氢作为MFC阴极电子受体的反应动力学速率；研究MFC单元的电压输出性能及能量转换规律，阐明双电池单元的协同作用机制。该项目可以丰富电化学水处理工艺，也可以为水中有机污染物的去除提供新方法，具有重要理论价值和实际意义。

废水的电化学处理技术直接利用电子作为反应媒介实现污染物的转化和降解，是一种环境友好的水处理方法。污染物转化的本质是电子转移，关键科学问题在于实现处理体系电子转移效率的提升及电子信号的利用。本项目提出了多粒径碳组合的低成本微生物燃料电池（MFC）阳极材料构筑方法，构建电子结构可调的铜镍合金电极催化材料，强化电极界面关键反应，提高电子利用效率，并在电子转移库伦信号与污染物转化关联性的研究基础上，通过研究阳极微生物群落演变与库伦信号的输出规律，揭示了电活性微生物有机物代谢的产电机制，进一步研发废水中可生化降解有机物（BOM）检测的新方法，形成基于库伦信号的水质检测方法体系，助力电化学废水处理技术新模式的探索。项目执行期间，发表学术论文3篇，申请专利4件（其中授权2件），研编中国城市科学研究会团体标准1项。