3D打印技术制备精细压电复合材料的研究

Ceramic-polymer piezoelectric composite have the advantages of both ceramics and polymers for its good flexibility and resistance, low density and acoustic impedance, which are of interests for the applications such as acoustic transducers and hydrophones. There are several fabrication methods of piezoelectric composites such as the dice and fill method, UV laser micromachining method and the BURPS method, which have a long time consuming and low accuracy because of the need of mold or laser radiation. In this proposal, we produce the 3D printing technique named direct ink writing method to fabrication the piezoelectric composite, which allows one to design and rapidly fabricate microscale fine devices in complex 3D shapes without the need for any tooling at room temperature. In this proposal, the 3D printing technique will be systematic investigated, both the powder properties and the mechanism of various dispersants influence the rheological properties of typical ceramics (PZT) will be studied. The proper piezoelectric ceramic ink for 3D printing and the fine piezoelectric composite will be fabricated by this method, which will provide new ideas and experimental bases for the 3D printing of functional ceramic composites.

陶瓷－聚合物压电复合材料兼具了压电陶瓷和聚合物二者的优点，具有良好的柔韧性和抗机械冲击性能，同时具有低声阻抗和低密度，可用于水听器和水声换能器等。现有制备压电复合材料的技术，例如切割－填充法，BURPS工艺以及UV激光微机械法等，均需要借助模具、机械加工或者激光辐射等辅助手段才能进行，耗时长，精度低。本项目针对这个问题，拟采用基于流体浆料的一种3D打印技术，即直写成型法，来制备精细压电复合材料。该方法无需模具等辅助，可在室温下快速制备具有复杂形状的微米级精细器件。将通过对直写成型3D打印技术制备科学的研究，探索粉体特性、不同分散剂等对典型压电陶瓷(如PZT系)浆料流变性能的影响以及机理，制备出适合于直写3D打印制造精细结构压电陶瓷的浆料，以及精细压电复合材料，为功能陶瓷复合材料的3D打印制造提供新的思路和实验基础。

直写成型是一种新型的3D打印技术技术，无需模具，也无需紫外光或激光辐射，室温下能够快速制备具有复杂形状的微米级精细器件。陶瓷－聚合物压电复合材料兼具了压电陶瓷和聚合物二者的优点，具有良好的柔韧性和抗机械冲击性能，同时具有低声阻抗和低密度，可用于水听器和水声换能器的制造。现有制备压电复合材料的技术例如切割－填充法，BURPS工艺以及UV激光微机械法等，均需要借助模具或者激光辐射等辅助手段才能进行，耗时长，精度低。针对这个问题，本项目采用直写成型技术制备了三维PLZT陶瓷木堆结构，3-3型PLZT-Epoxy复合材料，研究了相应的物相结构、宏观外形、显微形貌以及压电性能。研究结果表明，以二水合柠檬酸三钠为分散剂，去离子水为溶剂，制备水基PLZT陶瓷浆料，具有典型的剪切变稀行为，干燥后的PLZT样品在封闭富铅环境升温至1200℃保温4h随炉冷却，可以完全烧成，其致密度超过98%；聚合物含量53%时，3-3型PLZT-Epoxy复合材料的静水压灵敏度值最大，达到4112×10-15 m2/N。这一研究为设计和制备高精度压电复合材料提供新的思路和实验基础。