基于惯量削弱量责任分担的风电场虚拟惯性补偿控制方法

The synthetic inertial control method is an effective measure to solve the problem that the inertia of grid is weakened and the dynamic frequency characteristics are deteriorated with increasing wind power penetration. However, the existing methods lack the connection between theoretical research and application, resulting in low utilization rate of wind farms. This project proposes a synthetic inertia compensation control method of wind farm based on responsibility sharing of inertia reduction. Establishing inertia estimation model for the optimal selection of the small area grid adjacent to the wind farm instead of the whole network, and inertia estimation method is studied by using load ambient signals. Through decomposing the inertia and online capacity of multi-agent objects in the small area grid, the grid inertia and inertia weakening of the paralleling in/off-grid state of the wind farm are solved in the same grid operation mode. Taking the inertia weakening quantity as the compensation goal, the synthetic inertia compensation control strategy of the wind farm tracking the compensation goal is studied. The project research is expected to establish a mode of sharing responsibility for grid-connect wind farms that the inertia weakening determines the compensation quantity, providing a reliable theoretical basis for the implementation of synthetic inertial control and standard formulation, which helps to improve the utilization rate of the wind farms equipped with existing synthetic inertial control method.

虚拟惯性控制方法是解决风电渗透率增加而引起电力系统惯量削弱、动态频率特性恶化问题的有效手段，但现有方法因缺乏理论研究与工程应用的衔接性，导致在风电场中应用率较低。鉴于此，本项目拟提出一种基于惯量削弱量责任分担的风电场虚拟惯性补偿控制方法。以优化选取替代全网惯量估计的风电场邻近小区域电网为对象，建立惯量估计模型，并研究利用负荷小扰动类噪声数据激励与响应估计惯量的方法；通过研究小区域电网多主体的惯量和在线容量分解估计方法，求解出相同电网运行方式和激励下风电场并网/离网两种状态的电网惯量和惯量削弱量；以惯量削弱量为惯量补偿目标，研究跟踪惯量补偿目标的风电场虚拟惯性补偿控制策略。项目研究可确立一种“由惯量削弱量决定补偿量”的风电场并网责任分担方式，为虚拟惯性控制技术推行和标准制定提供可靠理论依据，有助于提高现有虚拟惯性控制方法的风电场应用率。

本项目针对大规模风电并网引起的电力系统动态频率特性恶化问题，研究了基于惯量削弱量责任分担的风电场虚拟惯性补偿控制方法。项目研究了常态下连续辨识电网惯量和风电场并网引起惯量削弱量的估计方法，并基于惯量“削弱-补偿”责任分担的思想，提出了风电场虚拟惯量补偿控制方法。通过算例验证结果表明，惯量及惯量削弱量估计结果精确性较高，风电场虚拟惯量补偿控制策略跟踪响应效果良好。项目研究成果可为电网惯量在线估计应用、全天候计算量测电网惯量水平提供理论基础，对于定量评估风电场并网对电网惯量削弱责任具有参考价值，提出的控制方法是保障新能源高渗透下电力系统动态频率稳定性的有效策略。