应用激光近形制造方法制作口腔修复体的基础研究

Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS) combining Rapid Prototyping and Laser Cladding is being developed very fast to bring this automation to produce a density metal component without forms and molds in recent years. This study combined LENS and dental-restoration CAD, presented a new technique that fabricate dental restorations directly from Rene95 Nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr) alloy powders. Experiments were systematically carried on the technical characters of fabricating dental Ni-Cr alloy prosthesis, and the mechanical property, chemical property, biological property, the shape and the precision of the dental restorations were evaluated systematically. The main results are as follows: a complete crown was fabricated, the differences between crown CAD model and metal crown were about 0.5mm, the crown surface need to be polished to improve the roughness; the microstructure of the LENS parts was made up of fine columnar dendrite with the length about 10~20um, much less 10 times than that of the cast made from the same material, the main elements of the powder distributed homogeneously, and the negative effect of segregation could be limited; the measurements of mechanical properties show that the strength of LENS parts was superior to that of the routine dental Ni-Cr alloys; the corrosion resistance of LENS parts was comparable with that of the dental Ni-Cr alloys; the vitro cytotoxicity test show that the Rene95 alloys have no toxicity to human body and no harm to health. This study also could be applied in orthopedics and maxillofacialis to fabricate metal implant such as mandible individually and directly.

激光近形制造是将激光涂覆和快速原型方法相结合的高新技术，将其与口腔修复体的ＣＡＤ结合，筛选激光近形制造修复体最佳控制参数，使修复体的力学、生物学性能、外形与精度附合口腔修复学要求，建立一种由合金与陶瓷粉末直接快速精确制作口腔修复体新技术。本研究也可用于骨科、整形科等领域修复体的制作，为快速精确个别制作人工器官开辟新思路。