热力学与传热学的共性理论及其应用于换热器和实际有不可逆损失热力系统优化的基础研究

Heat transfer and thermodynamics within the same discipline, but because of the different research objects, the heat transfer study heat transfer, and the thermodynamic study thermal power conversion, each forming an independent system, So resulting in heat exchangers and thermal systems optimization respectively using different theoretical. However, actual heat transfer process consumes power, thermal conversion process contains heat transfer, the two processes can not be separated.　Therefore, the project chose to heat transfer and thermodynamics common theory, its application in the optimization of the heat exchanger and heat system for research purposes. 　　 Line of research is based on the heat energy contained in the energy efficient, however, the effective energy is the driving force for heat transfer, and effective energy and can be converted to heat characteristics, to seize effective energy the mainline of change in the process of heat transfer and energy conversion, Establishing energy potential theory, reveals the common nature of the heat transfer and thermal energy and power conversion, using the equivalent thermal conversion analysis and equivalent thermodynamic temperature, heat transfer or irreversible loss of the actual heat / cooling system, to transform two the fixed temperature heat source heat transfer problems or the equivalent Carnot heat engine circulatory problems analyzed, and the heat transfer and the thermal power conversion can be interchanged; According to this theory, and taking into account income, power consumption, cost and other target synergistic approach to optimize the heat exchanger; borrow the contrast state law to establish the relationship between the equivalent thermodynamic temperature of the working fluid and thermodynamic cycle, analysis and projected changes in operating conditions of the system performance . The research project has the overall academic significance and value.

传热学和热力学本属同一学科，却因研究热量传递和热功转换对象的不同，各自形成独立体系，导致换热器和热力系统优化使用不同理论，然而实际传热过程要消耗功，热与功转换含有传热，二者不能分离。因此，本项目选择传热学和热力学共性理，及其应用于换热器和热力系统的优化为研究宗旨。研究路线是，根据热能中包含有做功的有效能，功能是热能传递的驱动能源和可以转化为热能的特点，抓住有效能在能量传输和转化过程中变化的主线，建立能势理论，揭示传热和热与功转化的共同本质，用等效热力变换分析法和等效热力温度，把传热或有不可逆损失的实际热力/制冷系统，变换为两定温源传热或等效的卡诺热机正/逆循环系统进行分析，并且使传热与热功转化问题可以互换；据此理论，并用兼顾收益、消耗功、成本多目标协同方法，优化换热器；藉对比态法，建立工质与热力循环等效热力温度的关系，分析和推算系统变工况性能。本项目研究成果有全局性学术意义和重要应用价值。

根据基金申请书的要求,按照计划对传热学和热力学的共性理论,及其应用于换热器和热力系统的优化开展了研究。重要结果有：.（1）以势能理论为依据，定义了能量中所含的有效能和无效能，直接用定义式写出各种热力系统的有效能函数的表达式；.（2）揭示了热量传输和一切不可逆过程所消耗的动力是热量中存在的有效能或外界输入的功能，而不是其他；.（3）修正了定性表述的热力学第二定律，对热力学第二定律进行量化表述，新建立了普适能量方程，即有效能方程和有效能率方程；该能量普适方程具有同时满足热力学第一、二定律量化表征的特点，适用于可逆和不可逆过程的热量、功量的相互转换和功量消耗分析，是传热学与热力学的能量转换共性理论基础；.（4）导出了表征不可逆过程的不可逆度和传热效率等定义式，建立了传热学与热力学联系关系式，结束了传热没有效率表达式的历史；.（5）为实现热力系统、制冷热泵系统的优化目标，应用本研究理论，提出了一种等价有限时间热力分析法，可把实际热力系统变换为等价内可逆卡诺循环热机模型研究；示例给出热力系统和热泵的参数优化原则、操作步骤和优化参数具体算式，并申请和授权了国家发明专利；.(6) 建立了溴化锂水溶液的比焓与浓度、温度的计算式，以及热泵热水器变工况运行预测软件用的的5种工质热物性参数。.成果43项，期刊发表论文9篇，另有3篇误把基金资助填写为前一个基金资助号未统计在内,会议论文9篇，专利申请25件； SCI 源收录5篇，EI源收录9篇；授权发明专利4项。