深部承压水体上开采底板岩层破坏规律及其稳定性控制研究

High pressure confined water affects the deep coal mine production, the water-resisting layer stability is of great significance to prevent coal mine water inrush. Around the control issues of the floor stability in deep mine, basic research about the floor impermeable rock deformation and failure mechanisms of regulation and destabilization evolutionary should be carried out under considerations mining stress, in order to reveal the coupling effect of water stress field floor evolution and the nature of hazard. Effective impermeable rock mechanics analysis of different stress levels and the rate of change of loading and unloading time; through the establishment of overlying strata structural dynamics model, obtained by the advance of the strength of mining, mining the lateral stress distribution and specific forms of expression characteristics explore completeness rock stress transfer process and loading and unloading the influence of the rate of change of the strength characteristics of rock specimens, clear rock deformation and failure process of rock strength and energy dissipation release of internal relations; destroy the partition on the floor, the establishment By coupling of water-rock mining floor mechanical stability analysis model, using stick as elastic energy law and related strength theory, the theory of stability criterion obtained floor to clarify the deep confined aquifer exploitation of coal seam floor effectively impermeable layer stability mechanism. Research results can provide theoretical support for pressurized water mining face.

深部矿井的高承压水问题严重影响着煤矿的安全生产，研究采场底板隔水层的稳定性对预防煤矿突水意义重大。围绕深部承压水体上采场底板稳定性控制问题，开展考虑采动应力影响下底板隔水岩层变形破坏规律及其失稳演化机制的基础研究，以揭示水岩耦合作用下采场底板应力场演化及其致灾本质。通过建立采场覆岩结构动力学模型，得出受开采强度影响的超前、侧向采动应力分布规律及其具体表达形式；分析有效隔水岩层不同应力水平及加卸荷载速率变化时的力学特性，探讨围岩应力转移过程的完整程度及加卸荷载速率变化对岩石试件强度特征的影响规律，明确岩石变形破坏过程中能量耗散释放与岩石强度的内在联系；基于底板破坏分区，建立水岩耦合作用下采场底板稳定性分析力学模型，运用粘弹塑性力学、能量法及相关强度理论，得出底板稳定性理论判据，阐明深部承压水体上煤层开采对底板有效隔水层稳定性的影响机理。研究成果可以为承压水上工作面安全回采提供理论支撑。

承压水上采场底板稳定是保障煤矿安全生产的前提，开采强度（水压力、面长、采高）是影响采场底板稳定性的关键因素，为确保底板有效隔水岩层安全可靠，项目分析覆岩应力传递、演化规律及受其影响下的采动应力作用形式。研究不同的围岩应力水平及变荷载条件下，采场底板隔水层破坏机理及采动应力作用下采场底板岩石的承载特性。建立采场覆岩结构力学模型，得出受开采强度影响下的采动应力分布及演化规律；建立底板稳定性力学模型，分析采动应力及水压作用下，底板有效隔水层变形及应力分布规律，运用粘弹塑性力学、能量法及相关强度理论得出底板稳定性力学判据。研究发现，采场围岩存在4个应力分区：载荷缓慢升高区、端头应力降低区、拱形应力集中区、端头关键承载区，对应于4个破坏区：重复破坏区、破坏加剧区、损伤破坏区、潜在透水破坏区。影响有效隔水岩梁挠曲变形三个因素（弹性模量、粘滞系数及水压）中，弹性模量、水压增大更易于引起岩梁失稳。研究成果对围岩稳定性控制工程实践有一定的理论指导意义。