冷壁效应作用下的含能材料燃烧特性研究

The combustion of energetic materials under cool wall effects is a necessary combustion in the applications of energetic materials. In order to solve the unstable combustion of energetic materials under cool wall effects, the work is carried out based on double-base energetic materials, the closed vessel combustion test and constant pressure combustion test would be used in combination with modern instrumental analysis technology, the relationship between the cool wall material properties and the characteristics of the combustion of energetic materials would be studied. The key researches were to study the flame zone structure and reaction process of combustion of energetic materials under cool wall effects, and clarify the dominant flame zone of the combustion of the energetic materials, then establish the evaluation methods about the combustion stability of energetic materials under cool wall effects. Finally, the mathematical model about combustion stability of energetic materials under the cool wall effects could be established, and the estimation of the combustion stability of the combustion of energetic materials under the effect of the cold wall could be realized. The anticipative results can not only reveal the formation mechanism of unstable combustion of energetic materials under cool wall effects, and achieve the technical way to solve the unstable combustion, but also can offer useful supplements to the combustion mechanism of energetic materials, and provide experimental and theoretical guidance to the stable combustion of energetic materials in propulsion.

冷壁效应作用下的燃烧是含能材料应用过程中所需的一种燃烧方式。针对强冷壁效应作用下的含能材料燃烧不稳定现象，项目以NC+NG双基体系含能材料为基础，采用定容燃烧试验和恒压燃烧试验，结合仪器分析技术，研究壁面材料特性与含能材料燃烧特征之间的关系，重点研究冷壁效应作用下的含能材料燃烧火焰区结构和反应过程特征参数，弄清该效应下含能材料燃烧反应的主导区，以主导区为基础开展冷壁效应作用下的含能材料燃烧过程与机制研究，构建冷壁效应作用下含能材料燃烧稳定性评价依据，建立冷壁效应作用下含能材料稳定性预估的数学模型，实现对冷壁效应作用下的含能材料燃烧稳定性的预估。项目研究成果预计可揭示冷壁效应引起的含能材料不稳燃烧现象形成原因、机理并获得可能的问题解决技术途径，既是对含能材料燃烧机理的完善，更可为含能材料在推进与发射过程中的稳定燃烧提供实验和理论指导。

强冷壁效应作用下易造成含能材料不稳定燃烧，导致推进器的弹道性能不稳定和引起发射装药的不洁净燃烧等有害燃烧现象出现。项目以NC+NG双基体系含能材料为基础，主要从壁面材料特性与含能材料燃烧特征之间的关系研究，冷壁效应作用下的含能材料燃烧反应主导区研究，冷壁效应作用下含能材料燃烧过程与机制研究等三个方面研究了冷壁效应作用下的含能材料燃烧特性。首先，通过常压燃烧和定容燃烧实验获得了壁面材料特性与含能材料燃烧特征参数间的关系，发现壁面基体材料形成的冷壁效应作用会对含能材料的燃烧反应过程有着显著的影响：随着基体材料导热系数提高，含能材料燃烧速率逐渐变慢，燃烧时间相应延长，燃烧反应过程也越不稳定，导致含能材料燃烧熄灭而形成残药。其次，采用红外光谱、气相色谱、热红外成像等分析手段对壁面基体作用下的含能材料燃烧气相与凝聚相产物的分析与研究，弄清了凝聚相反应区是强冷壁效应作用下的含能材料燃烧反应主导区。最后，深入分析含能材料燃烧特征参数，得到了冷壁效应作用区间厚度和临界燃烧区间厚度这两个燃烧特征参数变化规律，并利用该规律作为稳定燃烧判据，结合定容燃烧方程组构建理论计算模型初步实现冷壁效应作用下的含能材料燃烧状态预估。项目研究工作一方面是对含能材料燃烧的一些补充，可为相关研究提供借鉴；另一方面项目获得的冷壁效应作用下的含能材料燃烧特征参数及其演变规律，对解决应用中因冷壁效应作用而导致的燃烧不稳定难题，可提供理论支撑和实验依据。