基于客车侧倾稳定性机理的侧翻预警系统研究

Although the proportion of the accident of bus rollover is not very big,the number of rollover casualties is far higher than that of the front collision and side impact.So research on bus roll stability and rollover warning is of great significance.The project is mainly based on the following aspects: bus roll dynamics model, research on bus dynamics stability mechanism based on traffic safety, study on bus tilting process,development of bus rollover warning system.Based on the theory of bus rollover, the nonlinear dynamics model which prescribes bus side turn process is established. On the basis of inside and outside vehicle stability test scheme, combining with the characteristics of the bus and the use method of the test equipment,the test scheme such as steady circular and double shift line and serpentine test etc. is made.Through analysis on the test result, the characteristics of bus handling stability is analysed.In contrast with the test and the simulation results, the effectiveness of the bus dynamics model is verified.Based on the computer simulation method, the specific analysis on bus driving dynamics stability of vehicles factors such as height of center of gravity, longitudinal position of center of gravity,speed, steering angle of front wheel, the characteristic of suspension roll etc. is completed and the bus side turn process is thoroughly probed.Using the authenticated rollover model,precise rollover threshold is calculated and the bus rollover critical standard is obtained.Finally the bus warning algorithm is proposed and the development of warning system is completed and verified.

虽然客车侧翻事故发生的比例不是很大，但是其伤亡程度远远高于前碰撞和侧面碰撞。因此对于涉及客车侧倾稳定性及侧翻预警的研究意义重大。本项目的主要工作立足于以下几方面：客车侧倾动力学模型研究、基于行车安全性的客车动力学稳定机理研究、客车倾翻过程研究、客车侧翻预警系统研制。本项目以汽车的侧翻理论为基础，建立描述大客车侧翻过程的非线性动力学模型；在国、内外车辆稳定性试验方案的基础上，结合客车的特点和检测设备的使用方法，制定稳态圆周、双移线和蛇形试验等，通过试验结果分析客车操纵稳定的特点；利用试验及仿真结果对比，验证客车动力学模型的有效性；以计算机模拟为手段，具体分析影响客车行车动力学稳定的各种车辆因素如重心高度、纵向位置、车速、前轮转向角、悬架侧倾特性等，并深入探究客车侧翻过程；在对通过验证的侧翻模型进行精确的侧翻阈值计算的基础上，得到客车侧翻临界判断标准，提出客车预警算法并完成预警系统研制及验证。

本项目立足于客车侧翻稳定性机理以及客车侧翻预警系统研究，建立考虑多因素的客车稳态侧翻模型，定性及定量分析影响客车稳态侧翻稳定的相关因素，完成稳态侧翻稳定角的计算研究，并通过研制开发的客车侧翻试验平台进行试验验证；建立客车车身骨架模型，进行侧翻动态模拟，定量评价客车侧翻过程中的结构安全性能，利用变形规等实测数据进行客车安全性等级评价；根据客车动力学原理以及动态侧翻稳定条件，建立起客车侧倾动力学模型，深入探究客车动态稳定的条件、因素及机理；基于动态横向荷载转移率，采用AVR单片机的TTR侧翻预警算法，通过CAN总线技术，设计了客车侧翻预警系统。将侧翻预警系统运用于实车，在侧翻情况下进行侧倾试验台试验和道路试验，验证预警的有效性。