基于应力监测的岩质边坡预警机制研究

In recent years, the highway and railway rock mass slope hazard in mountainous area are problems highlight. Rock slope losing stability happens suddenly, fast and it is strong disaster-causing. Linear engineering slope disaster is long line，more points , small scale, little deformation before losing stability and so on. It's hard to make use of the traditional method to monitor the displacements and give early warnings. The project team have a successful experience in Sichuan highway rocky slope monitoring and warning stress. Firstly, is through the detailed investigation, accurate measured of the typical rock mass slopes. And then is the stress and displacement monitoring, data analysis, 3D geological mechanics model test and centrifugal model test. Finally, is combined with numerical analysis and mathematical mechanics method, is based on the stress monitoring method, monitoring methods, slope instability early warning mechanism and criterion of research. The study of the project team not only can further improve theory in rock slope monitoring and warning, more important practical engineering significance. It can shorten the time of slope failure warning, save enough time for the slope management or hedge, effective safeguard the linear engineering of rock slope safety and stability.

近年来，山区公路、铁路等线状工程岩质边坡灾害问题凸显。据统计，我国每年公路、铁路岩质边坡灾害数千起，造成的直接经济损失达数十亿元。线状工程岩质边坡具有面长、点多、单体规模小和失稳时快速、突发、强致灾等特点。鉴于岩质边坡失稳前变形小，采用传统的位移监测不仅在人力、物力上难以实现，更无法做到实时有效预警。项目组在总结四川公路岩质边坡应力监测预警研究成功经验的基础上，拟对典型岩质边坡进行详细调查、精测；结合应力、位移监测数据及三维地质力学模型试验和离心模型试验等实验手段，利用数值分析和数学力学方法，开展基于应力监测手段、方法和边坡失稳预警机制及判据的研究。该项目的研究不仅能进一步完善岩质边坡应力监测预警在理论上的不足，更能解决以往岩质边坡破坏预警的滞后性，实现岩质边坡实时预警，为边坡治理、避险留出足够的时间，从而有效地保障交通工程和人民群众的生命财产安全，并为类似山区岩质边坡预警研究提供参考。

线状工程岩质边坡具有面长、数量多、单体规模小和失稳时的突发、快速、强制灾等特点。一般岩质边坡失稳前的变形较小，传统的以位移监测为主的方法反馈滞后、耗资较大且难以实现及时预警。锚杆应力监测方法表现出预警及时且经济性较强的优点，是一种很有应用前景的方法，有待于更深一步的研究。课题开展了以下四方面的工作：（1）通过调查测绘、数值模拟方法研究了岩质边坡应力变化敏感区域；（2）选择全长粘结锚杆作为探测岩质边坡应力变化的“媒介”，进行了理论分析、离心模型试验研究和实际边坡工程应用研究；（3）综合试验、数值模拟和理论分析，探讨了锚杆应力监测岩质边坡预警机制和预警判据；（4）开展了锚杆应力监测岩质边坡预警平台的研究建设，解决了现场监测仪器的持续供电及现场监测数据的无线传输难题，并编制了相应的预警软件。项目研究成果不仅能进一步完善岩质边坡应力监测预警在理论上的不足，更能一定程度上解决以往岩质边坡破坏预警的滞后性，实现岩质边坡实时预警，为边坡治理、避险留出足够的时间，从而有效地保障了人民群众生命财产与交通工程的安全，并为类似山区岩质边坡预警研究提供参考。