利用振动提高FDM 3D打印产品机械性能机理研究

Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is currently one of the most widely used 3D printing technologies, but the products’ mechanical strength is hardly comparable to those manufactured by traditional machining methods. With the expansion and development of its application, the mechanical properties of FDM 3D printing products have to be improved. In this project, the novel method that will utilize vibration to improve the quality of FDM 3D printing products is provided. Sheet samples and the 3D printing process are the research objects. Investigations to reveal the mechanism of utilizing vibration to improve the products’ mechanical properties are carried out, as well as the corresponding theoretical analysis and experimental tests. Details include: confirming the method of introducing vibration into the FDM 3D printer system, characterizing the material mechanical properties and dynamic properties of the sheet samples, and modelling the dynamics of the molten material inside the printing nozzle and of the bonding process of extrusive material wires. In this research, the mechanism of using vibration to improve the mechanical properties of FDM 3D printing products will be revealed from the perspective of material mechanics and dynamics. The methodology system of experimental test and theoretical analysis that meet the needs of the design of improving the product’s quality is established. This research will ultimately provide the service to achieve the improvement of FDM 3D printing products’ quality, and the technical support for the popularization and application of vibration in the field of 3D printing.

熔融沉积成型（FDM）是目前应用最为广泛的3D打印技术之一，但其产品的机械强度却很难与传统加工工件相媲美。随着应用领域的拓展，亟需提高熔融沉积成型3D打印产品的机械性能。本项目，提出利用振动提高FDM 3D打印产品质量的新方法，以薄板样件和3D打印过程为研究对象，围绕改善3D打印产品机械性能新方法的机理以及相应的理论分析和实验测试开展研究，具体包括：确定FDM 3D打印机利用振动的方法、薄板样件材料力学和动力学特性参数的表征、创建热熔喷头内部熔融材料动力学和挤出材料丝粘合过程的机理模型等研究内容。本项目的研究，将从材料力学和动力学角度阐明利用振动提高FDM 3D打印产品机械性能的机理并初步建立起满足提高产品质量设计所需要的实验测试和理论分析的方法体系。最终为实现FDM 3D打印产品质量和性能的提高服务，同时也为振动在3D打印领域中的推广应用提供技术支持。

3D打印技术具有成本低廉、原材料范围广、环境污染小以及后处理简单等优势，受到了国内外越来越广泛的关注，成为一个具有广阔发展前景的朝阳产业。然而，该技术制造的产品在机械性能方面却很难与传统加工工件相媲美，已严重阻碍了该技术的进一步发展与应用。本项目，提出利用振动提高熔融沉积成型（FDM）3D打印产品质量的新方法，以薄板样件和3D打印过程为研究对象，围绕改善3D打印产品机械性能新方法的机理以及相应的理论分析和实验测试开展研究，具体包括：FDM 3D打印设备利用振动进行加工的方法研究、FDM薄板样件材料力学和动力学特性参数的表征研究、FDM热熔喷头内部熔融材料的流体动力学特性研究以及FDM挤出材料丝粘合过程与表面粗糙度研究等。本项目初步建立了一套较为完备的针对FDM产品及其成型过程的测试、建模、分析、辨识和改进的方法与体系，阐明了利用振动提高FDM产品材料力学、动力学以及熔融材料流体动力学特性等方面的机理。本项目的相关研究成果可以为实现FDM 3D打印产品质量的提高服务，同时也为振动在3D打印领域中的推广应用提供技术支持。随着3D打印技术在消费电子产品、汽车、航空航天、医疗、建筑、军工、地理信息、艺术设计等领域越来越广泛的应用，本项目的研究具有广阔的应用前景。