产业联盟创新生态系统演进机理与升级路径研究

Under the background of innovation paradigm changing and upgrading which is from innovation system to innovation ecosystem, developing industry alliance innovation ecosystem is not only the strategy direction for industry alliance to transform and upgrade, but also is the key point and foundation to comprehensively promote the construction and development of innovation ecosystem in our country. Thus, from the integrated perspective of social network and ecology, the project analyzes the connotation, characteristics, structure, formation mode and habitat conditions of industrial alliance innovation ecosystem, and reveals evolution process and law of the niche network and ecostate-ecorole, and uncovers the coupling evolution mechanism and evolutional phase track between innovation collaboration network and industry matching network, and expounds the dynamic mechanism of the system evolution based on the ecosystem entropy. Then, the project designs the main upgrading paths including diverse structure embedding, association change of innovation strategy and network radiation of core innovation platform through comparative study on multi-case, and presents the theory model on upgrade path effect around the "path-niche-performance" and establishes structural equation model to make empirical test, and then builds the selection method of upgrading paths. Based on above research, upgrading countermeasures are put forward for industrial alliances and government departments respectively. In a word, this research is to enrich the related theories and methods system in the fields of industrial alliance, innovation ecosystem, etc., and to offer theory method guidance and decision support for industrial alliances and government departments to promote the development and upgrading of innovation ecosystem.

在由创新体系转向创新生态系统的创新范式变革与升级背景下，发展产业联盟创新生态系统不仅是产业联盟转型升级的战略方向，而且是我国全面推进创新生态系统建设与发展的着力点与抓手。为此，本项目从社会网络和生态学综合视角，分析产业联盟创新生态系统内涵特征与结构，明晰其生成方式与生境条件，揭示系统的生态位网络及态势演进过程与演化规律，揭示创新协作网与产业配套网耦合演进机理与阶梯式演进轨迹，并基于生态系统熵揭示系统演进的动力机制。通过多案例比较研究设计多样性结构嵌入、创新战略变革关联、核心创新平台网络化辐射等升级路径，围绕“路径→生态位→绩效”提出升级路径作用效应的理论模型，建立结构方程模型实证检验，构建升级路径选择方法，并分别从产业联盟和政府部门出发提出升级对策。本项目研究旨在丰富产业联盟及创新生态系统等相关领域理论方法体系，并为产业联盟和政府部门推进创新生态系统发展与升级提供理论方法指导与决策支持。

面对由创新体系转向创新生态系统的创新范式变革趋势，发展产业联盟创新生态系统不仅是新常态下产业联盟转型升级的战略方向，而且是我国全面推进创新生态系统建设与发展的着力点与抓手。为此，从结构化视角出发，提出产业联盟创新生态系统内涵和特征，分析产业联盟创新生态系统层级和“双链”结构及其创新协作与价值采用功能，并研究组件、互补件伙伴之间的竞合博弈行为。通过TD产业联盟纵向案例研究表明，产业联盟创新生态系统存在代际和代内演进规律，并在创新驱动力、需求拉动力和政策引导力的共同作用下，其创新协作链和价值采用链协同演进；产业联盟创新生态系统代际演进速度由旧创新生态系统持续性、新创新生态系统优越性以及新旧创新生态系统之间继承性共同决定。通过电动汽车产业联盟案例研究，凝练并设计产业联盟创新生态系统升级基本路径：基于渐进性小生境的启动路径、基于开放式产品平台的接续路径和基于全面拓展的转化路径，三条路径在起点、升级导向与过程、适用条件等方面存在差异性，并基于此建立升级路径选择指标、模型以及升级效果评价体系。从升级过程管理出发，提出产业联盟创新生态系统合作伙伴动态选择，创新任务分配及进度控制、利益动态分配以及不同升级路径下的风险管理等策略；提出产业联盟创新生态系统升级中的联盟成员嵌入和转型时机选择策略；分析论证供给侧、需求侧和环境侧政策对产业联盟创新生态系统升级的综合作用，并提出相关政策完善建议。本项目取得的研究成果，在理论方面，有利于建立产业联盟创新生态系统升级的理论与方法，并进一步丰富产业联盟、创新生态系统相关理论体系；在实践方面，可为加快产业联盟创新生态系统发展与升级提供理论方法指导与策略支持，对提高我国产业联盟创新水平并实现其跨越式发展具有重要的现实意义。