三维编织复合材料风扇叶片高速冲击下的力学行为研究

The three dimensional braided carbon fiber reinforced resin-based composite fan blades are one of valuably developing directions for the future advanced aero engines. The research on the damage failure mechanism and mechanical behavior of three dimensional braided carbon fiber reinforced resin-based composite fan blades under high impact loading in the present project will be to establish a valuably theoretical foundation for using the three dimensional braided carbon fiber reinforced resin-based composite in the fan blades of aero turbonfans. In the present project the quasi-static and dynamic mechanical properties of the three dimensional 4-directional braided carbon fiber reinforced resin-based composite are measured and tested. The dynamic constitutive model of the three dimensional 4-directional braided carbon fiber reinforced resin-based composite regarding the effect of high strain rate is builded.The damage experiments and the numerical analysis are carried out for the three dimensional 4-directional braided carbon fiber reinforced resin-based composite fan blades impacted by the bird, and the small metal biscuit, at the high velocities of 100-400m/s. The damage failure mechanism and the impact energy absorbed is analyzed. Through the measurements of mechanical properties, the experiments of the high velocity impacting damage, researching the constitutive theories and the numerical analysis, in two key scientific problems of the damage failure mechanism for three dimensional 4-directional braided carbon fiber reinforced resin-based composite fan blades and the dynamic constitutive model for three dimensional 4-directional braided carbon fiber reinforced resin-basde composites, the innovate will be attained.

三维编织碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料风扇叶片是未来先进航空发动机的重要发展方向，对其进行高速冲击损伤失效机理及力学行为研究，可为航空涡扇发动机风扇叶片应用三维编织碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料奠定重要的理论基础。 本项目开展三维四向编织碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料准静态和动态力学性能测试；构造考虑高应变率效应的三维四向编织碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料的动态本构模型。进行三维四向编织碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料风扇叶片在100-400米/秒高速物体（鸟和小金属块）冲击下的损伤实验和数值分析；分析损伤失效机理和冲击能量吸收状况。 通过力学性能测试、高速冲击损伤实验、本构理论研究与数值分析，实现在三维四向编织碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料风扇叶片的高速冲击损伤失效机理、三维四向编织碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料的动态本构模型这两个关键科学问题上有所创新。

三维四向编织复合材料的连续纱线在空间上是互锁网状结构，不仅能够从根本上克服传统层合复合材料层间强度低、易分层的致命缺点，而且相对于金属材料在强度比和刚度比以及抗冲击损伤容限方面具有优势。三维四向编织复合材料可以净尺寸的成型复杂结构件并且对孔洞应力几乎不敏感。然而，材料的细观结构非常复杂，表现出高度的非均匀性和各向异性。本课题以试验为基础，通过宏观和细观两个尺度的有限元数值模拟方法对三维四向碳纤维编织复合材料的高速冲击下的力学行为展开研究。主要内容包括：.(1).通过分析编织工艺参数与模型细观结构参数之间的关系，以纱线横截面尺寸和内部编织角为输入参数，实现了三维四向编织复合材料的整体细观自动有限元建模。.(2).开展了三维四向编织复合材料的准静态，高应变率加载和高速冲击试验。.(3).通过ABAQUS材料用户子程序 VUMAT 开发了考虑应变率效应的高速冲击本构模型。该模型将 Tsai-Wu 准则和 Mises 准则分别用于纤维束和基体的初始损伤判据。