卫星受限条件下的中长基线变形监测方法

Under the limited conditions of the low availability with 3~4 visible satellites at city valley or mountain valley, GPS Medium and Long Range deformation monitoring method without additional hardware is studied for dynamic estimation of 3D deformation and residual troposphere delay. Firstly, based on the analysis and research of priori deformation features of monitoring targets, the usage mode of GPS observations, the horizontal and vertical gradient differences of the residual troposphere delay, and the orthogonal projection principle, the modeling method using vector mode is proposed for GPS deformation monitoring. Secondly, from the view of satellite elevation angle, signal-to-noise ratio and more effective new variables, the priori stochastic model is researched for establishing multivariable stochastic model equal with real-time estimation result. Thirdly, by integrating generalized least squares adjustment, the inequality constraints adjustment and variance components estimation theory, the generalized parameter adjustment method is presented for vector GPS deformation monitoring model. At last, applied research for mining subsidence monitoring using GPS is implemented to test the validity of the novel model and method. This project research achievement would effectively improve GPS usability and deformation monitoring range. At the meantime, it has the important theory and application value in the fields of dynamic deformation monitoring, seamless navigation positioning and real-time meteorology without additional equipment cost.

在不增加硬件设备的情况下，研究卫星信号受限条件下(具有信号盲区的城市、山区峡谷仅3-4颗同步卫星)的中长基线变形监测，实现三维变形与残余对流层延迟的动态估计。主要研究内容有：分析监测对象的先验变形特征，研究GPS观测值的矢量利用方式，顾及残余对流层延迟水平与垂直梯度参数化，提出矢量GPS变形监测建模方法。分析信噪比、卫星高度角及新变量表征观测值精度与相关性的效果，研究随机模型精化的最优变量组合，并建立与实时估计一致的多变量随机模型。综合广义最小二乘平差、不等式约束平差及方差分量估计理论，提出适用于矢量GPS监测模型的广义参数平差方法，并进行矿区中长基线监测应用研究。本项目的研究成果，将有效提高GPS可用性与扩大监测范围，对无额外设备成本的连续变形监测、无缝导航定位及实时气象学等研究具有重要的理论与实用价值。

本项目围绕卫星信号受限条件下(具有信号盲区的城市、山区峡谷)的GNSS精密变形监测问题，基于GNSS变形监测模型通过附先验信息约束平差、方差-协方差分量估计、最优滤波、模拟仿真算法和变形时序分析等理论及应用研究，实现了大面积矿区（中长基线条件下）mm级变形监测精度。主要内容和任务包括四个方面：GNSS卫星可用性及轨道预处理研究、对流层精密建模及非差观测随机模型研究、变形基准选取及模糊度快速固定研究、矢量GNSS变形建模及平差方法研究。主要取得的研究成果包括：（1）分析了GNSS卫星可见性及可用性概率特征，顾及轨道凹凸性的插值方法，三维变形/坐标成果转换的快速方法等。（2）对流层时空特征分析和精化方法，方差-协方差解析估计新方法，非差随机观测值的方差-协方差分量后验估计等。（3）变形监测基准点选取及稳定性分析方法，基于组合观测值和阻尼LAMBDA算法的中长基线双差模糊度（受限条件下）快速固定方法等。（4）三维矢量GPS变形监测建模方法，复数域最小二乘平差方法、不等式约束的增益平差方法和附先验约束的平差方法等变形参数估计方法。