基于给水深度处理的吸附/电催化氧化/膜分离一体化功能炭膜的多级孔道结构设计与调控及其协同作用机制研究

The carbon membranes with triple functions of adsorption, electro-catalytic oxidation and membrane separation was designed and prepared due to the problem of complex micro-pollutant, complicated treatment process and high cost in the treatment of drink water. The formation mechanism of micro-structure in carbon membrane and was disclosed and the hierarchical porous system of triple functional carbon membranes was constructed via the study of the formation, evolving rule and influential factors of micro-structure in the triple functional carbon membranes and the relationship of the micro-structure with electrical conductivity, adsorption and membrane separation. The synergistic action mechanism of adsorption, membrane separation and anti-pollution of electro catalytic oxidation under the enhancement of electrical field was interpreted by studying the relationship of the microstructure, electrical conductivity, adsorption and membrane separation with the water treatment, electro-catalytic oxidation and anti-pollution. The hierarchical porous structure of the triple functional carbon membranes can be precisely tuned on the macroscopic level by studying the relationship of component and structure, particle size and distribution and process controlling factors of raw materials with the microstructure, electrical conductivity, adsorption and membrane separation. The controllable preparation technology of triple functional carbon membrane with high performance was obtained. The implementation of this project will help to promote the application of new carbon membrane materials in the field of advanced treatment of drinking water.

本课题针对给水中微污染物成分复杂，处理工艺繁琐，成本高等问题，设计开发一种吸附/电催化氧化/膜分离三重功能一体化的炭膜。通过研究三重功能炭膜的微结构的形成过程、演变规律及影响因素，微结构与其导电性及吸附渗透性能的内在联系及规律，诠释炭膜微结构的形成机制，微结构与其导电性及吸附渗透性能的构效关系及规律，构建三重功能炭膜的多级孔道体系。通过研究炭膜的微结构、导电性及吸附、膜分离性能与水处理、电催化氧化及抗污染等性能的联系及影响规律；诠释电场强化作用下三重功能炭膜的吸附、渗透和催化氧化抗污染的协同作用机制。并通过研究原料组成及结构、粒度与分布、过程控制因素与炭膜微结构、导电性及吸附、膜分离性能的关系及规律；实现从宏观层面对三重功能炭膜的多级孔道结构的精细调控，形成高性能三重功能炭膜可控制备技术。本课题的实施有助于推动新型炭膜材料在饮用水深度处理领域的应用。

本课题针对给水中微污染物成分复杂，处理工艺繁琐，成本高等问题，设计开发一种吸附/电催化氧化/膜分离三重功能一体化的炭膜。通过研究原料组成及结构、粒度与分布、过程控制因素与炭膜微结构、导电性及吸附、膜分离性能的关系及规律，实现对炭膜多级孔道结构的精细调控，形成炭膜可控制备技术。以廉价的不同种类煤为原料，借助于它们内在的粘结特性，开发了新型多孔导电炭膜的制备技术；研究在炭化过程中炭膜的结构、导电性能和电化学性能演变的规律，揭示炭膜的结构与其导电性能、电化学性能的内在联系；深入探讨炭膜的电化学氧化特性及作用机理；系统考察了电场强化下炭膜的水处理性能，研究其水处理作用机制。.研究表明：（1）以活性炭为原料，可制备吸附/电催化氧化/膜分离三重功能一体化的炭膜。活性炭种类，粘结剂种类及添加量等会影响炭膜的孔结构、导电性和机械强度。通过调节炭化工艺，原料粒度，添加剂能够实现炭膜孔结构和性能的精细调控。（2）以廉价的不同种类粘结性煤为原料，借助于它们自身的粘结特性，可制备出性能优异多孔导电炭膜。通过对原料配比和制备工艺的调控，可实现多孔炭膜的控制制备及性能优化。（3）研究炭膜在炭化过程中微结构、导电性能及电化学性能的演变过程与规律，诠释了炭膜的结构与其导电性能、电化学性能的内在联系和构效关系；有序炭微晶的含量及尺寸决定于煤基导电炭膜的导电性能，而炭微晶的缺陷位则是导电炭膜的电化学活性位点。（4）电场强化下炭膜处理微污染水的优异性能归功于膜分离、电催化氧化的协同作用。导电炭膜的电化学氧化机制由直接氧化和间接氧化构成。.本项目的实施对开发出具有我国自主知识产权的新型炭膜材料，解决饮用水微污染问题，推动膜法水处理技术广泛应用具有重要的学术意义和实际应用价值。