基于系留气艇力学模型的复杂山地风能测量理论研究

At present, wind measurement methods suitable for complex mountainous areas include: wind tower, balloon wind measurement, wind profile radar wind measurement and drone wind measurement, which have numerous problems, such as poor real-time performance, high construction cost, difficult controls and destruction of vegetation, etc. Accordingly, there is a pressing need for a wind measurement method that can comprehensively solve the problems above. This project establishes the functional relationship between the motion state parameters and the wind speed and direction by establishing the mechanical model of the high-altitude air-ship boat under different motion states. The micro-element method is used to study the rope stress and explore the position information of the airship and the high-altitude mooring point. The relationship between the tension, the angle between the rope and the ground and the altitude information lays a theoretical foundation for the four wind measurement methods under windy state; by researching the localization algorithm, the common gradient algorithm of attitude angle and Compensation Algorithms of Air Pressure, Temperature and Humidity, realizes the accurate measurement of positioning information, triaxial acceleration and air density, reveals the error relationship between the measured value and the true value of the wind speed, and explores a new scheme for eliminating the model error and correcting the measurement error. The research results of the project will have the advantages of real-time accurate measurement data, short construction period, low cost and no damage to mountain vegetation during the construction process. It can provide research on wind resource optimization simulation, virtual wind tower construction and wind energy map drawing in the Yalong River Basin with more accurate, large-scale dynamic measurement data.

目前适用于复杂山地的测风方式有：测风塔、气球测风法、风廓线雷达测风法及无人机测风法，存在着实时性差、建设成本高、控制困难及破坏植被等问题，因此亟需一种能综合解决上述问题的测风方法。本项目通过建立高空系留气艇不同运动状态下的力学模型，研究运动状态参数与风速风向之间的函数关系；采用微元法研究绳索受力情况，探索气艇位置信息、高空系留点处拉力大小、绳索与地面夹角及海拔信息之间的对应关系，为有风静止状态下的四种测风方法奠定理论基础；研究定位算法、姿态角的共扼梯度算法及气压温湿度补偿算法，实现对定位信息、三轴加速度及空气密度的准确测量，揭示风速的测量值与真实值之间的误差关系，探索消除模型误差及修正测量误差新方案。项目研究成果将具有测量数据实时准确、建设周期短、成本低及建设过程中不破坏山地植被等优势，可为雅砻江流域风资源优化模拟、虚拟测风塔构建及风能图谱绘制等研究提供更准确、大尺度的动态测量数据。

风能开发与利用是我国能源转型的核心内容和应对气候变化的重要途径。并且伴随着风电技术的日益成熟，利用风能发电前景广阔，对于社会资源的可持续发展具有重要研究意义。目前开发和利用风能的主要形式是通过风电场进行大规模并网风力发电，它的发电量以及潜在效益的评估就需要对风能资源情况有着详细的了解，以此来降低成本并有效的开发风能资源。.基于上述情况，本项目结合物联网技术，针对传统测风塔、气球测风法、风廓线雷达测风法、无人机测风法所存在的实时性差、建设成本高、控制困难、破坏植被等问题，提出了一种基于系留气艇测风的新方法。本项目以系留气艇为载体，对其进行建模，建立基于系留气艇无风静止、有风静止、水平面的匀速圆周运动、竖直面的匀速、变速圆周运动以及变轨运动这6种不同运动状态的测风模型，推导出六种风速风向测量公式，并分析公式中待测量的未知参数；对模型所涉及到的参数进行精确分析和误差修正，如采用微元法研究绳索受力情况，研究定位算法、姿态角的共扼梯度算法及气压温湿度补偿算法，实现对定位信息、三轴加速度及空气密度的准确测量，揭示风速的测量值与真实值之间的误差关系，通过地面坐标系、地磁坐标系之间的转换关系，实现模型误差的修正。.基于上述理论基础实现该系统的软硬件实际，通过野外实地测试，该系统能够通过LoRa传输模块传输气艇的运动状态信息至电脑端，再根据气艇的运动状态模型得到真实的风速和风向数据。相对于现有的测风塔风能资源测量的方法，本项目的研究成果将具有更短的建设周期、更低的测量成本、更实时的测量方式以及建设过程中不会破坏山地植被等优势。一方面，将来可为复杂山地风资源优化模拟及虚拟测风塔的构建等研究提供更准确、大尺度的动态测量数据，同时可为复杂山地风能图谱的绘制提供实验支撑，另一方面，将推进新能源的互补开发和有效利用的进程，为能源结构向绿色低碳转型注入强劲活力。