宁夏引黄灌区水盐均衡和水盐调控研究

Starting with the introduction of natural geographic, climatic, hydrologic and hydrogeologic condition, this study focuses on the harmful salt content (HSC) and its evolvement from the cutting-in point of water-salt circulation and balancing. Huge data of water-salt monitoring from 1959 to 2000 were collected systematically in Qingtongxia irrigation area. Overall investigating, sampling, trial simulating and computer simulating were carried out. Various types of these data were compiled, analyzed and calculated by different statistics approaches and then pictures showing the temporal and spatial distribution of water and salt can be sketched with charts and tables. With the detail analysis on disciplinarian of the Yellow River diversion water, ditch drainaging water, ground water and chemical elements in soil, this study made a proposal as this: It is of more reasonable to evaluate the salt-logged and desalination status in irrigation areas with the index of HSC in stead of the idiomatic index of total dissolved solids (TDS) in calculating the drainage-diversion difference or drainage-diversion ration (DDR). This study reveals the changing process of water and salt in the irrigation area for over 40 years. It shows the characteristics of temporal and spatial distribution of thirteen water and soil chemical parameters in three periods from 1979 to 1998 and their evolvement trend. It summarizes the similarities-and-differences of both water and soil in evolvement and interaction impacts. And it also makes a detail explanation of these causations. In the basis of reasoning and evaluating salt-logged and desalination process in quantity and in full scenarios or multi-angles, a series of essential theory, content, criterions and scale are proposed and explained. With the criterion of critical depth of groundwater, various alternatives of water diversion allocation in different years were simulated and forecasted, which is of practical values to reasonable water allocation, to decision-making and to effective management. From understanding the study result, salt-logged soil and its distribution, formation characters, utilization and relationship with agricultural development in the Northwest China are described with five major issues in its utilization and with relevant countermeasures to these issues.

以自然地理水文稿地质环境为背景，水盐均衡和调控研究为主线，通过野外调查和采样测试，实验和理论模拟，水土瓜机制的化学势力学计算和统计分析等方法，创新盐害评价和水盐排引比计算的指标，在确保作物需水量和土壤脱盐的前提下提出开发利用黄灌水地下水的排灌结合的节水灌溉方案，为提高西北黄灌区研究水准和取得显著社会经济效益提供一个范例。.