负控高参与度下的微电网多时间尺度运行控制策略与方法

Since some renewable energy is intermittent and random, installing the energy storages or backup generators, and implementing the load shedding are the essential measures to maintain the microgrid working stability. In contrast to the research on the distributed generators and energy storages, the research on the load shedding is a weakness due to the unique characteristics of microgrid and the lack of the cooperative controls with the generators and storages. In this proposal, a multi-time scale cooperative control strategy is presented based on the character analysis on the distributed generators, energy storages and loads in microgrid. The main contents proposed are as follows: 1) the organizational structure, control models, algorithm models and operating mechanisms of the proposed strategy, 2) the descriptions and analytical methods on the stability margin of microgrid by using the criteria of the latency power shortage and initiative small perturbation, and the warning control of microgrid during the stage of the ultra-short-term dispatch, 3) the flexible control of microgrid based on the integration of the energy storages and interruptible loads, and so on. The proposed strategy and methods can integrate the controls and managements of distributed generators, energy storages and interruptible loads, and make interruptible loads play a more important role. It will provide the benefits for the stable, efficient and flexible microgrid operations, reduce the backup capacities of the storages and generators, and improve the overall efficiency of microgrid.

由于存在间歇性电源，配备储能或后备电源并采取负荷控制是保证微电网稳定运行的必要措施。然而由于微电网的特殊性，大电网的常规负控方法并不完全适用，加之与分布式电源、储能运行控制和能量管理相脱节的研究状态使得现有负控方法已不能满足提升微电网运行管理水平和综合效益的需要。针对该问题，本项目将可控负荷、分布式电源和储能的协调控制作为主要研究对象，在研究源储荷特性的基础上提出了：微电网多时间尺度源储荷协调控制框架及其中的控制、支撑模型和一体化运行的机制，通过系统潜在功率缺额和小扰动试探法表征和分析微电网稳定裕度并在超短期调度环节实施微电网预警控制，通过储能与可控负荷的集成应用实现微电网柔性控制等思路和方法。通过本项目的研究，实现可控负荷、分布式电源和储能运行控制与能量管理的多时间尺度整合，可控负荷能够发挥更主动和更灵活的调节作用，有助于微电网安全稳定运行，降低对储能或电源的备用需求，提高系统综合效益。

本项目围绕“负控高参与度”和“多时间尺度”两个关键词开展研究，提出了突出可控、可调负荷参与的微电网多时间尺度控制与能量管理方法，让可控、可调负荷在微电网中发挥更主动和更灵活的调节作用。.项目主要研究内容与取得的成果包括：1）提出基于状态观测和可控负荷镜像下垂的本地功率快速分配法，保证微电网电压频率稳定；2）提出基于微增率同步调节的全分布式经济优化法，实现微电网调节成本最小；3）提出负荷功效模型，以及基于负荷功效约束的MPC集中经济优化法，实现微电网长时综合效益最大；4）针对较大规模微电网，提出以满足静态稳定裕度阈值为前提，控制成本与网络损耗最小为目标函数的静态稳定预警优化控制模型；5）研制了储能负荷集成控制样机。