基于无人机的既有线轨道检测精度问题研究

A track geometry detection, as a key technology, is extremely important in high-speed railway operations and maintenance. It is impossible to keep people comfortable and keep trains stable if high-speed railways do not make track geometry detections and adjustments at regular intervals. The disadvantage of present detection methods is that the test equipment needs to touch rails directly, which is cumbersome and of heavy workload. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) remote sensing techniques used in track geometry detections have advantages of being non-contact，efficient and flexible, and it is benefit to evaluate the riding comfort degree of the railway track state. But it is seldom used in the field of existing railway detections due to its lower accuracy that hardly meets the requirement for existing railway detections. Therefore, this study does research work on the following aspects based on improving the accuracy of UAV surveying: (1) find factors that have a significant impact on the accuracy of UAV railway track detection and provide the solutions to minimize the errors of the factors by experimental analysis; (2) create technical proposals of railway track detections by the UAV in low altitude; (3) put forward steady and reliable methods for track geometry extraction and status evaluation. The goal of this study is to propose a universal method on existing railway track detection using UAVs which can provide theory basis and technical support in this field.

轨道几何状态检测在高速铁路运营维护阶段具有十分重要的作用，是高速铁路运营维护阶段的关键技术环节。如果不定期进行轨道几何状态检测与调整，高速铁路线路的高平顺性、高稳定性将无从谈起。目前的检测手段均要求检测设备与钢轨直接接触，检测工作强度高、过程繁琐。利用无人机遥感技术进行检测具有非接触、效率高、机动灵活、利于轨道状态平顺性评估等优势。但该技术应用于铁路既有线轨道检测,尚处于探索阶段，究其原因在于测量精度难以满足铁路既有线轨道检测的要求。基于此，本课题将从提高无人机遥感测量精度入手，进行如下工作：（1）通过实验分析，找出无人机铁路轨道检测误差因子并给出解决方案；（2）研究构建低空无人机检测铁路轨道的技术方案；（3）提出稳定可靠的轨道线形提取和轨道状态评估方法。本课题的研究目标是提出一套普适性的无人机铁路既有线轨道检测方法。研究结果可为无人机应用于铁路轨道检测提供理论依据与技术支撑。

轨道几何状态检测在高速铁路运营维护阶段具有十分重要的作用，是高速铁路运营维护阶段的关键技术环节。如果不定期进行轨道几何状态检测与调整，高速铁路线路的高平顺性、高稳定性将无从谈起。目前的检测手段均要求检测设备与钢轨直接接触，检测工作强度高、过程繁琐。利用无人机遥感技术进行检测具有非接触、效率高、机动灵活、利于轨道状态平顺性评估等优势。但该技术应用于铁路既有线轨道检测,尚处于探索阶段，究其原因在于测量精度难以满足铁路既有线轨道检测的要求。基于此，本课题将从提高无人机遥感测量精度入手，进行如下工作：（1）通过实验分析，找出无人机铁路轨道检测误差因子并给出解决方案；（2）研究构建低空无人机检测铁路轨道的技术方案；（3）提出稳定可靠的轨道线形提取和轨道状态评估方法。本课题的研究目标是提出一套普适性的无人机铁路既有线轨道检测方法。研究结果可为无人机应用于铁路轨道检测提供理论依据与技术支撑。