CO2加富环境下番茄作物-病原生物的互作关系及其调控机制

CO2 enrichment has become one of the main effective ways for enhancing yield and quality for greenhouse vegetables. However, the effects of elevated CO2 on plant-pathogen interaction and the mechanism involved remain largely unclear. In the present project, tomato plants will be CO2 enriched using controlled environment (CE) and free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) facilities, the effects of elevated CO2 on interactions between tomato and typical virus, bacteria and fungi pathogens which cause serious disease on tomatoes will be evaluated using chlorophyll fluorescence imaging method and trypan bule staining. Mutants and gene silencing tomato plants will be used to investigate the crosstalk between major SA, JA/ET related defense pathways during the interaction. Meanwhile, the alleviatory effects of natural active alkamides which can regulate SA-JA/ET crosstalk will also be examined. These results will not only give insight into the effects of elevated CO2 on plant-pathogen interactions in tomato crops, but also be necessary to supply theoretical basis for enhancing the vegetables productions during CO2 enrichment.

设施栽培下CO2加富能提高蔬菜的产量及品质，然而，CO2环境-设施作物-病原生物的互作关系及机制还远不清楚。本项目拟以番茄为材料，利用人工控制环境（CE）及开放式空气CO2加富（FACE）的方法进行CO2控制，采用叶绿素荧光成像、台盼蓝染色等方法，检测典型病毒、细菌、真菌不同类型病原胁迫对番茄作物的影响，明确CO2环境-作物-病原生物间互作关系；利用突变体、基因沉默及过量表达植株，研究CO2加富环境下SA、JA/ET不同抗性路径间的交叉对话，解析CO2升高环境下作物-病原生物的互作机制；在此基础上，探讨具SA、JA/ET抗性路径间cross-talk调控活性的烷基酰胺脂类物质对CO2加富下病原胁迫抗性的影响及机制。研究可望对CO2环境-作物-病原互作机制与调控有一个较为全面清晰的认识，对于设施农业生产实践中利用CO2加富的优势而规避其劣势，具有十分重要的理论和实践意义。

以番茄为材料，围绕CO2加富促进光合作用的同时如何调控作物抗病性等问题开展研究， ①明确了CO2加富可通过诱导气孔运动途径和SA激素相关的非气孔途径提高番茄对多种病原的抗性；②发现CO2加富激发保卫细胞H2O2-NO信号节链引起孔关闭，进而限制细菌性病菌侵染的途径；③探明了CO2加富环境对不同病原的感/抗变化由SA-JA crosstalk介导的内在机制，明确了SA与TCA循环元件α-kGDHE2互作诱导交替呼吸防御病毒的路径。研究为CO2加富下番茄抗病性机制解析提供了理论依据，结合实践形成了CO2施肥及配套的抗病增产调控策略。项目执行期间培养博士2名，硕士8名；项目负责人以第一或通讯作者在New Phytologist、Plant Cell and Environment, Journal of Experimental Botany等主流国际刊物上发表项目本项目的资助论文11篇，其中IF5year大于5.0的论文6篇。另本项目成果申报国家发明专利7项，其中4项已获得授权。积极参加国内外学术活动，在4项国际学术会议上报道了本项目的研究成果；项目负责人以主要完成人获得“国家科技进步二等奖”一项和 “教育部科学技术进步一等奖”一项。