中国褶蚊科昆虫物种多样性及地理分布格局研究

The family Ptychopteridae belong to the Nematocera of Diptera. It is a kind of environmental monitoring insect, which requires high environmental quality, and the loss of species resources is serious with the deterioration of the environment. Larvae are rotted and of great ecological significance. Adults have very weak ability of long-distance diffusion, and the differentiation of genera and species is susceptible to geographical isolation. They are ideal materials for biogeographic research. Before the applicant's study, only 6 species of this family were known in China, lacking systematic species diversity and biogeographic studies. The applicant has described 13 new species of this family in China, but there are still a large number of new genera and species to be discovered in China. Based on the previous work, this project intends to study the species diversity and geographic distribution pattern of Ptychopteridae in China by using the taxonomy, systematics and biogeography methods, discover new genera and species, clarify the generic and species diversity of Ptychopteridae in China, reveal its distribution characteristics and spatial distribution pattern; this project also intends to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships between genera and species of Ptychopteridae based on morphological and molecular data to reveal the historical evolution of geographical distribution patterns. The results will increase the basic data of biodiversity in China, provide theoretical basis and basic data for the protection and utilization of the diversity of Ptychopteridae, and will greatly enrich the study of Ptychopteridae in the world. It is also of great significance to reveal the evolution and geographical distribution pattern of Ptychopteridae.

褶蚊科隶属于双翅目长角亚目，对环境质量要求很高，是一类环境指示昆虫，随着环境恶化物种资源流失严重。其幼虫腐食性，具有重要生态意义；成虫远距离扩散能力极弱，属种分化易受地理隔离的影响，是理想的生物地理学研究材料。申请人研究前该科中国仅知6种，缺乏系统的多样性研究和生物地理研究，申请人新增我国褶蚊科13种，但仍有大量新属种有待发现。本项目拟在前期工作基础上，运用分类学、系统学和生物地理学研究方法对我国褶蚊科物种多样性和地理分布格局进行研究，发现新属种，阐明我国褶蚊科昆虫属种多样性，揭示其分布特点及空间分布格局；结合形态和分子数据重建属种间的系统发育关系，揭示地理分布格局演化的历史过程。研究结果将增加我国生物多样性基础数据，为该类昆虫的多样性保护和利用提供理论依据和基础资料，也将极大地丰富世界褶蚊科区系研究，对揭示褶蚊科系统演化和地理分布格局演化具有重要意义。

褶蚊科幼虫对环境质量要求很高，可作为环境指示昆虫，具有重要生态意义，成虫远距离扩散能力弱，是理想的生物地理学研究材料。因此该类昆虫具有重要的应用价值和研究意义，但我国褶蚊科昆虫资源缺乏系统的物种多样性和生物地理研究。本项目对我国褶蚊科进行了系统的多样性调查以及分类和地理分布研究。褶蚊生境特殊、飞行能力弱，常规采集效率不高，本项目研究期间改进了马氏网，提高了褶蚊的采集效率，已累计采集标本3,200余号；完成了2属53种的详细描记，编制了分属、分种检索表；整理了地理分布信息，揭示了我国褶蚊科的分布特点及空间分布格局，其中西南地区种类最为丰富，占已知种类一半以上；此外，还重建了属种间的系统发育树，基于系统发育关系揭示了地理分布格局演化的历史过程。三年间共发现32新种、2中国新记录种，正式发表SCI收录论文5篇、参编学术著作1部、授权专利1项，目前仍有多篇论文和学术专著正在整理发表/出版中。研究结果增加了我国生物多样性基础数据，为褶蚊科昆虫的多样性保护和利用提供了理论依据和基础资料，也极大地丰富了世界褶蚊科区系研究，对揭示褶蚊科系统演化和地理分布格局演化具有重要意义。