两类环境内分泌干扰物对滇池特有鱼类的生物效应研究

Environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have attracted a great deal of attention in environmental chemistry due to their potential adverse effects on wildlife and ecological environment. A preliminary screening of EDCs concentrations in surface water, sediment and wild fish revealed that steroidal and phenolic EDCs were likely ubiquitous contaminants in Dianchi Lake, which is the primary source of domestic water and supplies the water needs for the industrial and agricultural sectors in and around the Kunming City. In this project, steroidal and phenolic EDCs which are collectively selected as the target compounds, are investigated for the bioaccumulation and biomagnification rules in aquatic food chain based on their pollution characteristics in Dianchi Lake. Besides, high-back crucian carp (Carassius auratus), which is native and special in Dianchi Lake as well as sensitive to EDCs, are exposed to low concentrations of EDCs (single and binary mixture exposure) in flow-through exposure system. With the endpoints of individual behavior, gonodosomatic index (GSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI), vitellogenin (VTG) level, gene expression, histopathology and so forth, the chronic toxicology mechanism of EDCs are explored from individual, tissue, cellular and molecular level, respectively. Meantime, Exposure experiments in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) effluent, Dianchi Lake and laboratory are employed to estimate the biological effects of steroidal and phenolic EDCs on high-back crucian carp during different life stages. Finally, a relationship between the dose and biological effects are investigated to assess environmental risk of steroidal and phenolic EDCs in Dianchi Lake.

环境内分泌干扰物（EDCs）对野生动物和生态环境产生的危害受到全社会的关注，已成为环境化学研究的重点和热点。承担昆明工农业及生活用水的滇池，其水体、沉积物及鱼类均受到不同程度的EDCs污染。本课题以滇池水体中普遍存在的类固醇类和酚类EDCs为切入点，选择滇池特有的对EDCs敏感的土著高背鲫鱼作为实验鱼类，研究两类EDCs在水环境生态系统食物链中的生物富集及放大规律；并利用实验室流水暴露系统，对高背鲫鱼进行长期低剂量EDCs单一及复合暴露，通过个体行为、脏器指数、基因表达、卵黄蛋白原含量及组织病理学等，从个体、组织、细胞及分子水平等生物效应指示终点来研究EDCs的长期慢性毒性机理；并采用独特的滇池网式放养、城市污水处理厂出水网箱暴露和实验室长期低剂量暴露三种模式结合来研究不同环境下两类EDCs对高背鲫鱼不同生命阶段的生物效应，建立剂量-效应关系，综合评估滇池水体中两类EDCs的环境风险。

环境内分泌干扰物（EDCs）对野生动物和生态环境产生的危害受到全社会的关注，已成为环境化学研究的重点和热点。本课题以滇池水体中普遍存在的类固醇类和酚类EDCs 为切入点，选择滇池特有的对EDCs 敏感的土著高背鲫鱼作为实验鱼类，研究两类EDCs在水环境生态系统食物链中的生物富集及放大规律；并利用实验室流水暴露系统，对高背鲫进行长期低剂量EDCs 单一及复合暴露，通过个体行为、脏器指数、基因表达、卵黄蛋白原含量及组织病理学等，从个体、组织、细胞及分子水平等生物效应指示终点来研究EDCs的长期慢性毒性机理；并采用独特的滇池网式放养、城市污水处理厂出水网箱暴露和实验室长期低剂量暴露三种模式结合来研究不同环境下两类EDCs 对高背鲫鱼不同生命阶段的生物效应，建立了剂量-效应关系，综合评估了滇池水体中两类EDCs 的环境风险。研究结果如下：.（1）建立了生物样品12种EDCs的分析方法，包括微波辅助萃取（MAE）、凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）、固相萃取（SPE）、衍生化和气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）检测。.（2）完成了滇池典型鱼类（鲤鱼、鲫鱼和银白鱼）肌肉及各组织器官中类固醇类和酚类EDCs的分布特征及生物富集规律研究。结果表明：滇池鱼类中存在着不容忽视的EDCs污染和危害，部分EDCs污染已达到产生生物毒性效应的水平，并可能对暴露人群产生一定的健康风险；滇池鱼类肌肉及组织中EDCs的污染水平也可以用来作为评价滇池水体EDCs污染的一个重要指标。.（3）以滇池固定区域网式放养的高背鲫鱼为真实环境对照组，同步进行昆明第五污水处理厂出水暴露实验，综合评价污水处理厂出水中多种EDCs长期复合暴露对高背鲫鱼的生物富集和毒性效应。结果表明：污水处理厂出水存在着一定浓度的类固醇类和酚类EDCs，对暴露鱼类产生了一系列的毒性效应；类固醇类和酚类EDCs在暴露鱼类中的富集浓度也可以作为衡量污水处理厂出水中该类物质毒性效应的评价指标。.（4）急性毒性试验和实验室长期暴露实验的结果均表明高背鲫鱼对典型EDCs（E2和EE2）具有较强的敏感性，可以作为潜在的模型动物用于EDCs的暴露研究。