爆破载荷下自膨胀填塞体作用机理与爆破能量调控机制研究

The unsatisfactory availability of the blasting energy during the drilling and blasting process may be caused by the low intensity, air tightness, and anti-sliding of the loose stemming. In view of this, it is necessary to conduct study on the swelling stemming interactive mechanism and energy regulate and control during blasting loading. Through the preparation and physical and mechanical properties testing of the swelling stemming, its high pressure, high strength and air tightness for blocking purpose can be revealed. From the dynamic response of the swelling stemming under impact load, the dynamic parameters and the ultimate anti-slip under impact load can be evaluated. Then the influence of dynamic response rate on the blocking effect of the swelling stemming is analyzed. Based on the electrical blasting test system, the movement process of the swelling stemming is studied. With the mechanism among blasting energy, stemming length and swelling pressure, the influencing regularity of swelling pressure and stemming length on blasting energy utilization can be concluded. With the help of LSDYNA and under different parameters, the evolution of stress field of surrounding rock masses in blasting process is summarized. From the statistical viewpoint, the approach for determining the stemming parameters of swelling stemming is established. After the industrial test, the swelling stemming is used to evaluate the blasting effect, and the method of determining the stemming parameters is revised. The study provides theoretical support and application basis for understanding the mechanism of stemming action, control and utilization of blasting energy, new stemming material development and engineering blasting construction.

项目针对钻爆法破岩中松散填塞体强度低、气密性差、抗滑动能力弱而导致爆破能量利用率低的问题，开展爆破载荷下自膨胀填塞体作用机理与爆破能量调控机制研究。通过自膨胀填塞体制备及其物理力学性能测试，揭示其高压高强高气密性的约束特性；基于冲击载荷下自膨胀填塞体动力响应特性实验，获得其动力学参数和动载荷下极限抗滑力变化规律，探讨其动态应变率对爆破能量转换的作用机制；利用电爆破实验系统开展自膨胀填塞体运动过程分析，研究爆破能量、填塞长度、膨胀压间相互关系，揭示不同参数的自膨胀填塞体对爆破能量利用的调控机制；应用LSDYNA，开展自膨胀填塞体作用下围岩体爆破过程应力场演化规律数模拟，借助统计学方法，建立自膨胀填塞体填塞参数的计算方法；通过不同参数自膨胀填塞体爆破效果工业试验，修正填塞参数的计算方法。本研究为填塞作用机理认知、爆破能量利用调控、填塞新材料研发和爆破工程施工提供理论和应用基础支撑。

针对钻爆法破岩中松散填塞体强度低、气密性差、抗滑动能力弱而导致爆破能量利用率低的问题，开展爆破载荷下自膨胀填塞体作用机理与爆破能量调控机制研究。主要围绕自膨胀填塞体制备方法及物理力学特性测试、冲击作用下自膨胀填塞体的动力响应特性、爆破载荷下自膨胀填塞体能量调控机制实验、自膨胀填塞体与围岩作用机理数值模拟四个方面开展理论研究，通过理论分析、室内实验、数值计算和现场测试等方法，通过机械化的方式将自膨胀剂按照一定装药密度装入塑料保护套，利用约束装置开展轴向约束，制备了用于钻爆法的自膨胀填塞体。自膨胀填塞体经水浸泡8-10min后开始水化反应，体积膨胀率达到30%-50%，输出膨胀压力30-50MPa；通过调剂激发剂、保水剂含量，实现自膨胀填塞体在不同温度、湿度环境下的水化反应速度的动态调控。利用SHPB准动力实验、电爆炸与化学爆炸等实验表明填塞体对爆生气体的阻碍作用，延长了高压高温爆生气体的作用时间，进而提高爆破能量利用率。基于LSDYNA、JKSimBlast、Aegis等爆破软件开展了不同填塞长度下的爆破效果分布规律，为矿山爆破参数设计提供了指导。最后，通过现场爆破实验，分别开展了不同直径32mm、65mm、89mm、110mm和250mm的填塞体作用下的爆破工业实验研究。利用高速摄影、爆破震动、爆破块度和爆破有毒有害气体的分析，验证了不同填塞长度下爆破效果，初步建立了露天、地下中深孔和井巷掘进爆破填塞体长度计算方法，为自膨胀填塞体的工业应用提供了技术支撑。本研究为填塞作用机理认知、爆破能量利用调控、填塞新材料研发和爆破工程施工提供理论和应用基础支撑。通过项目研究，发表了高水平论文15篇，其中已经检索SCI论文4篇，再投2篇。申请发明专利5项目，授权3项目，再审2项目。培养硕士研究生4人，毕业3人；在读1博士研究生1人。