页岩油有机质微观精细表征及热演化原位研究

The rising dependence on abroad crude oil seriously threatened the national energy security of China. While the effective exploration and development of shale oil becomes a highly possible way out of the dilemma in the future due to the huge amount of shale oil reserves in China. Currently, the shale oil recovery rate is very low, less than 8% by hydraulic fracturing technology. While the in-situ conversion processing technology shows great prospects, and it may lead to "shale oil revolution" in recent years. Unfortunately, there still exists a lot of technology gaps in the research of ultra- microscopic characterization of shale, and many questions remain unclear, including the occurrence and quantitative determination of crude oil in the nano-pores, the research on complex microscopic drainage channel system, and the in-situ microscopic characterization of the dynamic thermal evolution of organic matters. Leading to unclear microscopic mechanism of hydrocarbon expulsion process, which severely limits the exploration and development process of shale oil. In this project, advanced digital rock technology and electron in-situ microscopy characterization techniques are applied to systematically study the distribution of residual oil in shale, to finely characterize the microstructure of the organic matters, and to reveal the whole dynamic process of oil generation and drainage in the pore throat system. This project may help to innovate the traditional source rock drainage channel theory and microscopic hydrocarbon expulsion theory, providing a theoretical reference for the exploration and development of shale oil.

我国页岩油资源量巨大，其有效开发可以缓解我国不断攀升的原油对外依存度，保障国家能源安全。现阶段仅靠水力压裂技术，页岩油的采收率不足8%，而新兴的地下原位转化技术有望引发中国“页岩油革命”。然而，目前页岩油微观表征领域仍有大量空白：原油在基质孔隙中的分布与定量特征不明确，复杂排烃通道体系研究不系统，原位加热过程中排烃过程无法原位微观表征，导致微观生排烃机理不明确，严重限制了页岩油的勘探开发进程。本项目利用先进的数字岩石技术及电子显微学原位表征技术，系统研究泥页岩内部原油分布，精细表征有机质微观结构，并原位表征原油从产生到排驱的微观动态全过程。本项目有望创新传统烃源岩排烃通道及微观排烃理论，为页岩油的勘探开发提供理论参考。

我国原油产量持续降低，不断攀升的原油对外依存度威胁到国家能源安全，页岩油成为未来可能的出路，其有效勘探开发迫在眉睫。我国页岩油储量巨大，但仅靠水力压裂难以动用基质中的滞留油，导致采收率低于8%，地下原位转化技术表现出良好的前景，可能引发中国“页岩油革命”。然而，目前页岩油岩石及有机质的微观表征领域仍有大量空白，泥页岩基质孔隙中原油的三维赋存分布与定量不明确，泥页岩复杂排烃通道体系研究不够系统深入，泥页岩动态演化排烃过程原位微观表征缺失，导致微观生排烃机理不明确，严重限制了页岩油的勘探开发进程。本项目发挥多学科交叉优势，深入微纳米尺度，首先利用先进的数字岩石技术及电子显微学静态成像技术，对富有机质页岩内部的孔隙-裂缝特征、有机质分布、含油分布等进行了详细表征。其次，利用离线加热精细表征技术，对不同盆地的样品进行了加热演化过程中的产物与储集空间微观变化规律的融合研究。然后开发了原位加热SEM、TEM表征器件与原位成像技术流程，对我国不同盆地的富有机质泥页岩样品进行了原位加热微观成像表征，系统原位表征了可动烃从产生到排驱的微观全过程。通过微观表征与研究，本项目拟创新传统烃源岩排烃通道及微观排烃理论，为页岩油的勘探开发提供理论参考。