太阳能耦合采暖模式下陕北新型农宅室内热环境研究

Directing against the lack of theoretical support and demonstrative lead in the energy saving structure and solar heating technology of the rural residence in northern Shaanxi, according to the local climatic characteristics and the current situation of rural residence, aims to make full use of local rich solar energy resources, this research would explore the theoretical and technical problems of energy saving structure and solar thermal utilization suitable for the new rural house in northern Shaanxi. Based on the analysis of the thermal characteristics of ceramic wet roof, perlite thermal insulation mortar wall, solar heating wall and the heat dissipation characteristics of different solar heating methods, the optimal energy saving structure of cottage is put forward with reference to Design Standards of Rural Residential Building Energy Saving. Furthermore, the mathematical and physical model of indoor heating process of solar energy coupled heating houses is established, the effect of indoor heating is simulated and calculated, and the active and passive solar energy coupling heating mode suited for rural areas in northern Shaanxi is proposed In this study, Combined with test results for test rooms with heat-retention structure and the solar energy coupling heating, we will verify heating process model and the temperature field distribution rule, and evaluate the thermal comfort of test rooms with heat-retention structure and the solar energy coupling heating ,through testing of heating room. This research will provide theoretical and technical support for the construction of rural ecological residence in northern Shaanxi, it is of great significance to promote the use of solar heating technology and improve the rural ecology and living environment in rural areas of northern Shaanxi.

针对陕北农居节能构造和太阳能采暖技术缺乏理论支撑和示范引领的实际问题，项目立足陕北地区气候特点和陕北农宅现状，利用当地丰富的太阳能资源，研究适合于陕北新型农宅的节能构造和太阳能热利用的理论与技术问题。分析陶粒湿屋面、珍珠岩保温砂浆墙体、太阳能集热墙的热工特性和不同太阳能采暖方式的散热特点，参照《农村居住建筑节能设计标准》，提出平房最优节能构造；应用模拟软件分析太阳能主、被动混合采暖房间室内热过程和温度场分布规律，建立太阳能耦合采暖平房室内热过程数学物理模型，模拟计算室内采暖效果，提出适合陕北农村平房的主被动太阳能耦合采暖模式；结合试验房测试进行热过程模型和温度场分布规律验证，并对具有保温构造和主被动太阳能耦合采暖模式的试验房进行热舒适度评价。为陕北农村生态民居建造和现有民居节能改造提供理论和技术支持，对太阳能采暖技术在陕北农村的推广使用、改善陕北农村生态和人居环境具有重要意义。

项目立足陕北地区气候特点和陕北农宅现状，针对陕北农居节能构造和太阳能采暖技术缺乏理论支撑和示范引领的实际问题，研究适合于陕北新型农宅的节能构造和太阳能热利用的理论与技术问题。. 通过对陕北地区农村普遍使用的两类新型农居围护结构外墙、屋面、门窗的构造以及能源利用等方面的综合分析，找出存在的问题，利用软件模拟计算陕北农村典型平房冬季采暖所需的耗热量、太阳能热水系统采暖构件的供热量等指标，提出了适合陕北农村住宅的外围护结构的构造方案和太阳能主被动耦合采暖系统方案，并改建成用于实验的试验房，经冬季室内测试，结果表明：室内温度提高了4℃左右，基本达到了室内设计最低温度要求；通过膨胀石墨（EG）掺入量对建筑保温用改性聚氨酯材料性能的影响研究，发现：当EG加入量增大后，试样的热稳定性也明显获得提升，当EG含量超过13.8%时试样属于难燃材料。同时，模拟分析了多层建筑自然采光和风环境，获得室内自然采光的各层采光系数、照度和自然采光面积；基于CFD 对其室外风场环境进行数值模拟，结果：室内各楼层气流分布较为均匀，且风口处的风速相对较大，可利用建筑周围树木的布置引导风向，进一步优化建筑风环境。. 项目研究完成的预期结果，不仅有利于节约农居能源，而且有效改善了室内热环境。同时，为新型保温材料和优化建筑室内采光、通风设计提供理论支持。对提高室内舒适性和降低建筑能耗具有借鉴意义。